为提高拮抗放线菌控制马铃薯晚疫病的稳定性,采用涂布法和显微观察法对从土壤中筛选到的活体状态能显著抑制致病疫霉菌丝生长的3株放线菌进行了复合发酵方式及发酵条件的初步优化及抑菌机理的研究.结果表明:3株放线菌之间无明显拮抗作用;以培养种子液3 d、先接入NB8培养2 d后再接入NB11和NB12为最佳发酵方式,抑菌率最高可达97.7%,明显优于NB8(87.4%),NB11(20.0%)和NB12(28.2%)单独发酵液的抑制作用;当初始pH为自然值、28 ℃时,3株菌复合发酵后抑菌活性最高.复合发酵液对病原菌菌丝生长产生明显抑制作用,致使菌丝变形或孢子囊发生异常破裂.
In order to aquire the stable and more effective control for potato late blight, three actinomyces strains which had significant inhibitive function on the growth of Phytophthora infestans, isolated from soil were studied to evaluate their mixed fermentation condition. There were no obvious antagonistic among the three actinomyces strains, and the best ferment combination mode was that NB8 was inoculated at first, NB11 and NB12 was inoculated 2 days later. The inhibitory rate reached 97.7%, and higher than that of any single fermentation. The inhibitory activity was the highest at natural pH and 28 ℃. The complex fermentation liquor had obvious inhibition on the pathogen, making them deformed and the sporangium breakaged abnormly.
[1] 从心黎, 杨明挚, 李灿辉, 陈善娜, CONG Xin-li, YANG Ming-zhi, LI Can-hui, CHEN Shan-na. YX拟青霉菌发酵液浓缩物对马铃薯晚疫病菌的离体抑制活性 [J]. 西南农业学报 2005.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4829.2005.02.010
[2] 胡军华, 周泽扬, 蓝希钳, 毕朝位, 谢洁, HU Jun-hua, ZHOU Ze-yang, LAN Xi-qian, BI Chao-wei, XIE Jie. 假单孢菌20#-5菌株对致病疫霉的作用 [J]. 西南农业学报 2007.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4829.2007.05.026
[3] 蒋继志, 赵丽坤, 史娟, 董金皋, JIANG Ji-zhi, ZHAO Li-kun, SHI Juan, DONG Jin-Gao. 几种真菌发酵液对致病疫霉的抑制作用 [J]. 微生物学通报 2001.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2654.2001.02.015
[4] 杨怀文, 张志铭, 杨秀芬, 简恒, YANG Huaiwen, ZHANG Zhiming, YANG Xiufen, JIAN Heng. 嗜线虫致病杆菌代谢物对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑制作用 [J]. 中国生物防治 2000.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1005-9261.2000.03.004
[5] 陶光灿, 王素英, 王玉平, 路宝庆, 谢光辉. 芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)10株细菌混合制剂对4种作物出苗及苗期生长的影响 [J]. 应用与环境生物学报 2003.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1006-687X.2003.06.008
[6] 李博强, 牛小帆, 纪明山, 程根武, 陈捷, Weili Mao, Dan Roberts. 黄瓜苗病拮抗菌的筛选与活性测定 [J]. 沈阳农业大学学报 2000.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1700.2000.06.005
[7] 吴艳, 陶晶, 赵思峰, 闫豫君, 李晖, 李春, Wu Yan, Tao Jing, Zhao Sifeng, Yan Yujun, Li Hui, Li Chun. 芽孢杆菌组合CL-8发酵条件优化及其防病效能研究 [J]. 农业工程学报 2008.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2008.07.042
[8] 桂春爽, 梁宁, 蒋继志, GUI Chun-shuang, LIANG Ning, JIANG Ji-zhi. 拮抗真菌和放线菌复配发酵产物对马铃薯晚疫病的防病作用 [J]. 河北大学学报（自然科学版） 2009.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2009.04.020
[9] 郭会婧, 蒋继志, 李向彬, 李红, GUO Hui-jing, JIANG Ji-zhi, LI Xiang-bin, LI Hong. 致病疫霉拮抗菌筛选及复合发酵液的抑菌作用研究 [J]. 河北农业大学学报 2008.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1573.2008.04.018
[10] 王丽红. 苏云金杆菌NU-1、NU-2的混合发酵及毒力保护的研究 [D]. 西北大学 2005.
[11] 沈萍, 范秀容, 李广武. 微生物学实验 [M]. 北京:高等教育出版社 1999.
[12] Ng KK, Webster JM. Antimycotic activity of Xenorhabdus bovienii (Enterobacteriaceae) metabolites against Phytophthora infestans on potato plants. [J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 1997, 2(2).
