X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)是哺乳动物中具有抑制细胞凋亡作用的蛋白,是IAPs家族的一员.XIAP通过杆状病毒IAP重复序列(BIR)直接与起始以及效应caspases结合,抑制了细胞凋亡的线粒体途径,也可以通过NF-κB途径抑制细胞表面受体介导的凋亡.XIAP具有不同于Bcl-2的作用机制,是IAPs家族中最具有抑制活性的一个.XIAP的作用受到线粒体释放的蛋白Smac的拮抗,以及受到自身具有泛素连接酶E3活性的RING指结构域的调节.阐述XIAP抑制caspase以及Smac等拮抗XIAP的机理对于治疗肿瘤以及过度凋亡疾病具有重要的意义.
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