用传统的方法很难鉴别微生物的差异,分子生物学技术就很好地解决了该问题,尤其适合于常规方法失效的情况下.该技术的主要程序是:先从微生物中直接提取DNA,对DNA进行PCR(PolymericChain Reaction)或RAPD(Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA)扩增,然后进行DGGE(DenaturingGradient Get Electrophoresis)电泳,或RFLP(Restriction Fragment Lergth Polymorphism),ELISA(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assav)分析等,之后进行测序,测序结果与网上基因库进行对比,来确定样品中微生物的种类.此方法是直接从样品中提取总DNA,中间不会造成菌株的富集或衰减,具有很高的准确性.此方法对微生物多样性的深入研究很有效.
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