通过野外观察和室内养殖,对西北豆芫菁Epicauta sibirica(Pallas, 1773)成虫的取食偏好与交配行为进行了观察和分析,结果发现:1)西北豆芫菁成虫喜食大豆和马铃薯的叶片;2)西北豆芫菁成虫的交配行为包括求偶和交尾2个阶段.求偶过程会反复多次,求偶行为持续时间平均为(9.60±1.78)min,间隔时间平均为(6.55±1.92)min.交尾过程中采用“一”字式姿势,交尾时段主要集中在8:00~13:00,交尾持续时间平均为(165.44±14.17)min.
The feeding preference and mating behaviors of Epicauta sibirica(Pallas, 1773)were analyzed by observation indoors and in the field. Results showed: 1)Glycine max and Solanum tuberosum were the most preferred host plants for adult; 2)Mating behavior of E. sibirica included both courtship and copulation. The courtship behavior is repeated several times in one mating process. Courtship behavior lasted(9.60±1.78)min; the interval between the two behaviors lasted(6.55±1.92)min. The species assumes linear position in the copulation. The copulation behavior occurred at 8:00 to 13:00 mostly and lasted(165.44±14.17)min.
[1] LIU S P, PAN Z, REN G D. Identification of three morphologically indistinguishable Epicauta species(Coleoptera, Meloidae, Epicauta)through DNA barcodes and morphological comparisons[J]. Zootaxa, 2016, 4103(4): 361-373. DOI: 10,11646/zootaxa.4103.4.4.
[2] BOLOGNA M A. Meloidae[M] //LÖBL I, SMETANA A. Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera(Vol. 5: Tenebrionoidea). Stenstrup: Apollo Books, 2008: 384-390.
[3] 谭娟杰,章有为,王书永,等. 中国药用甲虫——芫菁科的资源考察与利用[J]. 昆虫学报, 1995, 38(3): 324-331. DOI: 10.16380/j. kcxb.1995.03.011.
[4] 王雪梅,陈祥盛,李晓飞.芫菁科昆虫的生物学特性及人工养殖研究概况[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2007, 35(2): 140-142.
[5] 朱弘复,王林瑶.豆芫菁Epicauta gorhami Marseul的生活史及复变态讨论[J]. 昆虫学报, 1956, 6(1): 61-71. DOI: 10.16380/j.kcxb.1956.01.003
[6] 胡周强,张含藻,韦会平,等.小翅豆芫菁生活习性观察[J]. 中药材, 1997, 20(2): 59-61.
[7] 胡周强, 肖杰易, 韦会平. 短翅豆芫菁生物学特性研究[J]. 昆虫知识, 2000, 37(5): 287-289.
[8] 杨兆芬, 刘广昌, 张皮凤, 等. 细纹豆芫菁和大斑芫菁的性行为[J]. 昆虫知识, 2001, 38(6): 441-443.
[9] 杨兆芬, 许友勤, 檀东飞. 细纹豆芫菁交配与繁殖力的关系[J]. 昆虫知识, 2005, 42(5): 550-553.
[10] 乌麻尔别克. 十四点斑芫菁生物学性及其对小翅曲背蝗蝗卵捕食特性的观察[J]. 昆虫知识, 1994, 3(15): 293-294.
[11] 张含藻, 胡周强, 薛震夷. 大斑芫菁生殖习性的初步研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 1989, 14(5): 18-19.
[12] 张含藻, 薛震夷, 张晓波, 等. 温湿度变化与两种芫菁繁殖的关系[J]. 中药材, 1997, 20(6): 277-278.
[13] 周游, 雷朝亮. 不同温度和土壤含水量对大斑芫菁生长发育的联合作用[J]. 生态学报, 2002, 22(11): 1859-1865.
[14] SELANDER R B. Sexual behavior in blister beetles(Coleoptera: Meloidae)Ⅰ. The genus Pyrota[J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 1964, 96: 1037-1081.
[15] SELANDER R B, PINTO J D. Sexual behavior in blister beetles(Coleoptera: Meloidae)Ⅱ. Linsleya convexa[J]. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 1967, 40: 396-412.
[16] PINTO J D. The sexual behavior of Meloe(Meloe)strigulosus Mannerheim[J]. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 1972, 45: 396-412.
[17] PINTO J D. Sexual behavior in the genus Pleuropompha LeConte: a new mating display in blister beetles(Coleoptera: Meloidae)[J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 1973, 105: 957-969.
[18] PINTO J D. Sexual behavior in the blister beetle genus Cysteodemus(Coleoptera: Meloidae)1 [J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 1977, 109: 389-396.
[19] PINTO J D, MAYOR A J. Sexual behavior of three species of Lytta(Coleoptera: Meloidae)[J]. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 1979, 36(1978): 106-115.
[20] PINTO J D, MAYOR A J. Size, mating success, and courtship pattern in the Meloidae(Coleoptera)[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1986, 79: 597-604.
[21] 冯钦忠, 周建威. 短翅豆芫菁室内人工养殖探究[J]. 四川动物, 2005, 24(4): 542-545.
[22] 陈仕江, 程地芸, 曾纬, 等. 斑蝥成虫食物及投食方式探讨[J]. 中国中医药杂志, 2004, 29(12): 1214-1218.
[23] 张含藻, 胡周强, 渠大齐, 等. 西北利亚豆芫菁种群动态的初步调查[J]. 中药材, 1992, 15(12): 13-15.
[24] 王琳, 李有林. 中华豆芫菁发生规律观察[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2004, 24(6): 13-14. DOI: 1672-6820(2004)06-0013-02.
[25] 陈强, 胡周强, 封孝兰, 等. 西伯利亚豆芫菁生物学特性观察[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2014, 36(2): 283-286.
[26] 李秋荣, 张雅林, 刘林丽, 等. 中华豆芫菁的室内人工养殖研究[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2008, 30(2): 159-166.
[27] 谭娟杰. 芫菁科. //中国科学院动物研究所主编. 中国农业昆虫(上册)[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986: 483-487.
[28] HUA L Z. Family Meloidae. //HUA L Z. List of Chinese Insects(Vol.Ⅱ)[M]. Guangzhou: Zhongshan(Sun Yat-sen)University Press, 2002: 129-131.
[29] 匡先钜, 徐婧, 孙兴华, 等. 温度对大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly交配行为的影响[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2010, 32(3): 307-311.
