于2018年5月(春)、8月(夏)和10月(秋)对白洋淀26个采样点轮虫物种组成和群落结构进行了系统调查,测定了水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、水深(WD)、透明度(Tr)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chla)等环境因子,分析了轮虫群落参数与环境因子的关系,综合评价了白洋淀水体富营养化程度.共鉴定出轮虫21属61种,以耐污性种类为主,角突臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫和小多肢轮虫为优势种.各采样点轮虫种数差异较大,最多为20种(聚龙淀),最少仅为6种(大麦淀).轮虫平均丰度和生物量呈现明显的季节变化,秋季最高(3 372 ind./L,0.90 mg/L),夏季其次(1 240 ind./L,0.88 mg/L),春季最低(210 ind./L,0.22 mg/L);轮虫最高丰度为6 930 ind./L(三角淀,秋季),最低仅为2 ind./L(平阳淀,夏季).Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J)夏季最高(分别为2.30和0.86).经相关性分析发现,轮虫丰度与DO、WD、Chla、TP呈显著正相关,而与Tr显著负相关;轮虫种数与WD显著正相关,与WT显著负相关.与历史资料相比,白洋淀水质在一定程度有所好转,但仍处于富营养化状态.
In May(spring), August(summer)and October(autumn)of 2018, the rotifer diversity, community structure and the environmental factors, namely water temperature(WT), dissolved oxygen(DO), pH, water depth(WD), water transparency(Tr), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP)and chlorophyll-a(Chla)at 26 sampling sites in Baiyangdian Lake were investigated. The relationship between the rotifer community parameters and environmental factors was analyzed, and the eutrophication degree of Baiyangdian Lake was also evaluated. A total of 61 rotifer species were identified in this survey, Brachionus calyciflorus, B. angularis and Polyarthra minor were the main dominant species throughout the - DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.05.010白洋淀轮虫群落结构及富营养化评价李佳豪1,2,杨辰1,2,马乐1,2,崔思琪1,2,康现江1,2,肖国华3,李凤超1,2,4(1.河北大学 生命科学学院,河北 保定 071002; 2.河北大学 生命科学与绿色发展研究院,河北 保定 071002;3.河北省海洋与水产科学研究院 河北省海洋生物资源与环境重点实验室,河北 秦皇岛 066200;4.河北省动物系统学与应用重点实验室,河北 保定 071002)摘 要:于2018年5月(春)、8月(夏)和10月(秋)对白洋淀26个采样点轮虫物种组成和群落结构进行了系统调查,测定了水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、水深(WD)、透明度(Tr)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chla)等环境因子,分析了轮虫群落参数与环境因子的关系,综合评价了白洋淀水体富营养化程度.共鉴定出轮虫21属61种,以耐污性种类为主,角突臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫和小多肢轮虫为优势种.各采样点轮虫种数差异较大,最多为20种(聚龙淀),最少仅为6种(大麦淀).轮虫平均丰度和生物量呈现明显的季节变化,秋季最高(3 372 ind./L,0.90 mg/L),夏季其次(1 240 ind./L,0.88 mg/L),春季最低(210 ind./L,0.22 mg/L);轮虫最高丰度为6 930 ind./L(三角淀,秋季),最低仅为2 ind./L(平阳淀,夏季).Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J)夏季最高(分别为2.30和0.86).经相关性分析发现,轮虫丰度与DO、WD、Chla、TP呈显著正相关,而与Tr显著负相关;轮虫种数与WD显著正相关,与WT显著负相关.与历史资料相比,白洋淀水质在一定程度有所好转,但仍处于富营养化状态.关键词:白洋淀;轮虫;物种组成;富营养化评价中图分类号:S932.8 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2020)05-0516-11Species diversity of rotifer and the trophic state of Baiyangdian LakeLI Jiahao1,2,YANG Chen1,2,MA Le1,2,CUI Siqi1,2,KANG Xianjiang1,2,XIAO Guohua3,LI Fengchao1,2,4(1.College of Life Sciences,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China;2.Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;3.Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment of Hebei Province,Hebei Institute of Marine and Fishery Sciences,Qinhuangdao 066200,China;4.Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application,Baoding 071002,China)Abstract: In May(spring), August(summer)and October(autumn)of 2018, the rotifer diversity, community structure and the environmental factors, namely water temperature(WT), dissolved oxygen(DO), pH, water depth(WD), water transparency(Tr), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP)and chlorophyll-a(Chla)at 26 sampling sites in Baiyangdian Lake were investigated. The relationship between the rotifer community parameters and environmental factors was analyzed, and the eutrophication degree of Baiyangdian Lake was also evaluated. A total of 61 rotifer species were identified in this survey, Brachionus calyciflorus, B. angularis and Polyarthra minor were the main dominant species throughout the - 收稿日期:2019-07-26 基金项目:农业部白洋淀水生生物资源环境调查及水域生态修复示范项目(2130111);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31872206);河北省留学归国人员项目(C201801) 第一作者:李佳豪(1995—),男,河北廊坊人,河北大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事水生生物学研究.E-mail:1094160494@qq.com 通信作者:李凤超(1970—),男,河北乐亭人,河北大学教授,主要从事水生生物学研究.E-mail:lifengchao2000@sina.com第5期李佳豪等:白洋淀轮虫群落结构及富营养化评价year. The distribution of rotifer species at each sampling site is significantly different, with a maximum of 20 species(Julongdian)and a minimum of only 6 species(Damaidian). The average abundance and biomass of rotifers showed obvious seasonal changes, the highest in autumn(3 372 ind./L, 0.90 mg/L), the second in summer(1 240 ind./L, 0.88 mg/L), and the lowest in spring(210 ind./L, 0.22 mg/L), the highest abundance was 6 930 ind./L(Sanjiaodian, autumn), and the lowest was only 2 ind./L(Pingyangdian, summer). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H')and evenness index(J)have the highest average values in summer, Which were 2.30 and 0.86, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that rotifer abundance was significantly positively correlated with DO, WD, Chla, and TP, and significantly negatively correlated with Tr; the number of rotifer species was significantly positively correlated with WD, and significantly negatively correlated with WT. Comparing with previous data, the water quality of Baiyangdian Lake is better but still in a state of eutrophication.
[1] 徐少林,李慧明,顾杨亮,等.广东省大沙河水库轮虫群落结构的时空异质性分析[J].生态科学,2017,36(5): 18-26.DOI:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2017.05.003.
[2] 温新利,谢萍,周俊,等.汀棠湖轮虫主要食性功能群及其优势种群的周年动态对水环境变化的响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(23): 8029-8038.DOI: 10.5846/stxb201610232158.
[3] 王乙震,罗阳,周绪申,等.白洋淀浮游动物生物多样性及水生态评价[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(6): 94-100.DOI:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2015.06.17.
[4] 王庄静.工业废水对白洋淀水生生物的影响[J].环境保护,1984(5): 16-19.DOI:10.14026/j.cnki.0253-9705.1984.05.008.
[5] 秦珊,张璐璐,崔建升,等.白洋淀底栖藻类与多环芳烃生态风险相关性研究——基于综合生物反应指数法[J].生态毒理学报,2018,13(4): 68-82.DOI:10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20180113001.
[6] 刘俊国,赵丹丹,叶斌.雄安新区白洋淀生态属性辨析及生态修复保护研究[J].生态学报,2019,39(9): 3019-3025.DOI:10.5846/stxb201808111715.
[7] 徐志涛,陈鹏飞,周世健,等.白洋淀流域土地覆被变化及其生态服务价值评价[J].生态科学,2018,37(6): 83-90.DOI:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2018.06.011.
[8] 刘存歧,邢晓光,王军霞,等.白洋淀轮虫群落结构特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(18): 4948-4959.
[9] 章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[10] 王家楫.中国淡水轮虫志[M].北京:科学出版社,1961.
[11] 周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水微型生物与底栖动物图谱[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[12] RICHARDSON T L, JACKSON G A.Small phytoplankton and carbon export from the surface ocean[J]. Science,2007, 315(5813): 838-840. DOI:10.1126/science.1133471.
[13] 王松,陈红,刘清,等.汉城湖浮游动物群落结构特征及与水质关系[J].生态科学,2018,37(2): 114-123.DOI:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2018.02.015.
[14] 蔡庆华,胡征宇.三峡水库富营养化问题与对策研究[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(1): 7-11.DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3207.2006.01.002.
[15] 毛玉婷,周晓宇,王毛兰.枯水期鄱阳湖水体富营养化状态评价[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2014,38(6): 596-599.DOI: 10.13764/j.cnki.ncdl.2014.06.017.
[16] UENO H, KATANO T, NAKANO S-I, et al.Abundance and community structure of picoplankton and protists in the microbial food web of Barguzin Bay, Lake Baikal[J]. Aquatic Ecology, 2005, 39(3): 263-270. DOI:10.1007/s10452-005-6057-3.
[17] 熊金林.不同营养水平湖泊浮游生物和底栖动物群落多样性的研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2005.
[18] CHRóST R J, ADAMCZEWSKI T, KRYSTYNA K, et al.Abundance and structure of microbial loop components(bacteria and protists)in lakes of different trophic status[J]. Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology, 2009, 19(9): 858-868. DOI:10.4014/jmb.0812.651.
[19] 赵玉娟,李凤超,张强,等.白洋淀异养鞭毛虫群落特征及其与环境因子的相关性[J].生态学报,2012,32(21): 6819-6827.DOI: 10.5846/stxb201109221395.
[20] 王庆,侯磊,陈实,等.珠江口磨刀门轮虫群落结构特征与水质生态学评价[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(5): 824-833.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2014.05.003.
[21] 温展明,徐健荣,林秋奇,等.流溪河水库敞水区轮虫多样性与群落的动态特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(4): 1328-1338.DOI:10.5846/stxb201605060873.
[22] 左其亭,陈豪,张永勇,等.淮河中上游轮虫群落结构分析及水质评价[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(1): 165-173.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201509131.
[23] 姜勇.胶州湾浮游纤毛虫群落的时空分布特征及与环境间的关系[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[24] 周淑婵,黄祥飞,唐涛,等.香溪河库湾轮虫现状及水质评价初探[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(1): 52-57.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-3207.2006.01.010.
[25] CASTRO B B, ANTUNES C S, PEREIRA R, et al. Rotifer community structure in three shallow lakes: seasonal fluctuations and explanatory factors[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2005, 543(1): 221-232. DOI:10.1007/s10750-004-7453-8.
[26] 顾宝瑛.白洋淀的浮游生物[J].河北农学报,1982,7(2): 90-98.
[27] 许木启,朱江.从浮游动物种类多样性变化看白洋淀富营养化的发展[C] //中国科学院生物多样性委员会,林业部野生动物和森林植物保护司,中国植物学会青年工作委员会.生物多样性研究进展——首届全国生物多样性保护与持续利用研讨会论文集.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994.
[28] 李凤超,赵玉娟,张强,等.白洋淀轮虫多样性及群落结构的初步研究[J].四川动物,2011,30(5): 734-736.DOI:1000-7083(2011)05-0734-03.
[29] MARGATRITORA F G, FUMANTI B, ALFINITO S, et al. Trophic condition of the volcanic Lake Nemi(Central Italy): environmental factors and planktonic communities in a changing environment[J]. Journal of Limnology, 2005, 64(2): 119-128. DOI:10.4081/jlimnol.2005.119.
[30] 钱方平,席贻龙,温新利,等.湖泊富营养化对轮虫群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].生物多样性,2007,15(4): 344-355.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.2007.04.003.
