建筑材料和装修材料的过度使用导致了室内空气中的甲醛浓度超标,为了探究甲醛浓度与环境因素之间的关系.本文以新装修住宅、校医院、实验室等为研究对象,采用紫外分光光度法对室内甲醛浓度进行检测,探究了温度、相对湿度、房间类型、通风对室内甲醛浓度的影响.同时,做了市售甲醛清除剂喷洒前后甲醛浓度的对比实验.研究结果表明:1)温度和相对湿度与装修材料中的甲醛挥发速度呈显著正相关(R2>0.900);2)木质家具和胶黏剂是室内甲醛的两大来源;3)通风对各房间(化学楼419、化学楼119、地下实验室、校医院、住宅卧室)空气中的甲醛去除率分别为11.0%、7.4%、7.0%、16.0%、35.0%;4)FC空气触媒甲醛清除剂对不同房间(阳台、厨房、次卧、主卧、客厅)空气中甲醛去除率分别为30.8%、7.6%、36.7%、40.0%、28.0%.由此可见,升高室内的湿度和温度有利于材料中甲醛的释放;甲醛清除剂净化室内甲醛的效果略高于通风.
The excessive use of construction and decoration materials seriously leads to the formaldehyde concentration exceeding the indoor air quality standard. To investigate the relationship between the formaldehyde concentration, which was tested by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and environmental factors, the study was focused on some newly decorated indoor spaces such as residences. hospital rooms and laboratories, and explored the effect of temperature, relative humiditiy, the space type and ventilation on formaldehyde concentration in indoor air. At the same time, some commercial deformaldehyder were tested by compared the formaldehyde concentration before and after spaying regarding to the removal rate. The results showed that: 1)temperature and relative humidity were significantly positively correlated with the formaldehyde volatilization rate(R2>0.900); 2)furniture and- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2021.03.008新装修室内空气中甲醛浓度的影响因素及甲醛清除剂去除效果杜立杰,于泊蕖(河北大学 化学与环境科学学院,河北 保定 071002)摘 要:建筑材料和装修材料的过度使用导致了室内空气中的甲醛浓度超标,为了探究甲醛浓度与环境因素之间的关系.本文以新装修住宅、校医院、实验室等为研究对象,采用紫外分光光度法对室内甲醛浓度进行检测,探究了温度、相对湿度、房间类型、通风对室内甲醛浓度的影响.同时,做了市售甲醛清除剂喷洒前后甲醛浓度的对比实验.研究结果表明:1)温度和相对湿度与装修材料中的甲醛挥发速度呈显著正相关(R2>0.900);2)木质家具和胶黏剂是室内甲醛的两大来源;3)通风对各房间(化学楼419、化学楼119、地下实验室、校医院、住宅卧室)空气中的甲醛去除率分别为11.0%、7.4%、7.0%、16.0%、35.0%;4)FC空气触媒甲醛清除剂对不同房间(阳台、厨房、次卧、主卧、客厅)空气中甲醛去除率分别为30.8%、7.6%、36.7%、40.0%、28.0%.由此可见,升高室内的湿度和温度有利于材料中甲醛的释放;甲醛清除剂净化室内甲醛的效果略高于通风.关键词:室内空气;甲醛污染;检测分析中图分类号:X506 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2021)03-0273-05Influence factors of formaldehyde concentration in indoor air of newly decorated rooms and removal efficiency by deformaldehyderDU Lijie, YU Boqu(College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)Abstract: The excessive use of construction and decoration materials seriously leads to the formaldehyde concentration exceeding the indoor air quality standard. To investigate the relationship between the formaldehyde concentration, which was tested by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and environmental factors, the study was focused on some newly decorated indoor spaces such as residences. hospital rooms and laboratories, and explored the effect of temperature, relative humiditiy, the space type and ventilation on formaldehyde concentration in indoor air. At the same time, some commercial deformaldehyder were tested by compared the formaldehyde concentration before and after spaying regarding to the removal rate. The results showed that: 1)temperature and relative humidity were significantly positively correlated with the formaldehyde volatilization rate(R2>0.900); 2)furniture and- 收稿日期:2020-10-28 基金项目:河北大学自然科学多学科交叉研究计划资助项目(DXK201911) 第一作者:杜立杰(1994—),男,河北邯郸人,河北大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事大气污染治理研究.E-mail:dulijie_0921@163.com 通信作者:于泊蕖(1972—),女,河北蠡县人,河北大学副教授,主要从事大气污染治理研究.E-mail:501381106@qq.com第3期杜立杰等:新装修室内空气中甲醛浓度的影响因素及甲醛清除剂去除效果adhesive are the two major sources of formaldehyde in indoor air; 3)formaldehyde removal rate of each room(chemical building 419 and 119,underground laboratory,school hospital,residential bedroom)by ventilation was 11%, 7.4%, 7%, 16% and 35% respectively; 4)formaldehyde removal rate of eachroom(balcony,kitchen,secondary bedroom,master bedroom,living room)by FC air catalyst was 30.8%, 7.6%, 36.7%, 40% and 28%, respectively. In conclusion, increasing indoor humidity and temperature is beneficial for to the release of formaldehyde in materials. Formaldehyde scavenger can purify formaldehyde in indoor air with slightly higher effect than ventilation.
[1] 周唯荟,李娟,文霞.室内环境对人造板甲醛释放规律影响分析研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(6):121-124.
[2] TANG X, BAI Y, DUONG A, et al. Formaldehyde in China: production, consumption, exposure levels, and health effects[J]. Environment International, 2009, 35(8): 1210-1224.DOI:10.1016/j.envint.0160-4120.2009.06.002.
[3] ZHANG L, STEINMAUS C, EASTMOND D A, et al. Formaldehyde exposure and leukemia: a new meta-analysis and potential mechanisms[J]. Mutat Res, 2009, 681(2-3): 150-168.DOI:10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.07.002.
[4] 吴卫明.室内空气中甲醛污染控制研究[J].江西化工,2011(03):83-86.DOI:10.14127/j.cnki.1008-3103.2011.03.074.
[5] 岳高伟,董慧敏,李敏敏.室内有害气体的通风净化效应[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(1):21-27.DOI:10.15985/j.cnki.1001-3865.2017.01.005.
[6] 杨楠.室内装修中甲醛污染物的检测与防治方法探讨[J].居舍,2018(22):23.DOI:10.3936/j.issn.1674-1900.2018.33.23
[7] 孙佳为.新装住宅室内空气污染防治[J].中国科技信息,2018(22):46-47.DOI:10.3936/j.issn.1001-8972.22.015.
[8] 谢光辉,陈文俊,谢凯名.室内空气污染及对策分析[J].环境与发展,2018,30(04):44-48.DOI:10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2018.04.24.
[9] XU Y, ZHANG Y. An improved mass transfer based model for analyzing VOC emissions from building materials[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2003, 37(18): 2497-2505.DOI:10.1016/S1315-2310(03)00160-2.
[10] SARSILMAZ M, KAPLAN S, SONGUR A, et al. Effects of postnatal formaldehyde exposure on pyramidal cell number, volume of cell layer in hippocampus and hemisphere in the rat: a stereological study[J]. Brain Research, 2007, 1145:157-167.DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.139.
[11] GAO Y, ZHANG Y, KAMIJIMA M, et al. Quantitative assessments of indoor air pollution and the risk of childhood acute leukemia in Shanghai [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2014, 187: 81-89.DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.12.029.
[12] LIU C, MIAO X, LI J. Outdooalder formhyde matters and substantially impacts indoor formaldehyde concentrations[J]. Building and Environment, 2019,158(7):145-150.DOI:10.1016/j.buildenv.0360-1323.2019.05.007.
[13] HE Z, XIONG J, KUMAGAI K, et al. An improved mechanism-based model for predicting the long-term formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products with exposed edges and seams[J]. Environment International, 2019, 132:105086.DOI:10.1016/j.envint..2019.105086.
[14] SHERMAN M H, HODGSON A T. Formaldehyde as a basis for residential ventilation rates[J]. Indoor Air, 2010, 14(1):2-8.DOI:10.1046/j.1600-0668.2003.00188.x.
[15] BO Z, YUAN M, MAO S, et al. Decoration of vertical graphene with tin dioxide nanoparticles for highly sensitive room temperature formaldehyde sensing[J]. Sensors and Actuators,2018, B256(3):1011-1020.DOI:10.1016/j.snb.0925-4005.2017.10.043.
[16] WU Y, DUAN J, LI B, et al. Exposure to formaldehyde at low temperatures aggravates allergic asthma involved in transient receptor potential ion channel[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2020, 80:103469.DOI:10.1016/j.etap..2020.103469.
[17] 国家环境保护总局发布.中华人民共和国环境保护行业标准.室内环境空气质量监测技术规范:HJ/T 167—2004[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2005.
[18] 邹婧,张浩.细木工板中甲醛释放的影响因素及模糊评价[J].环境工程,2016(S1):597-601.
[19] 刘文霞,李晞,李品品.郑州市新装修房室内空气中甲醛污染状况分析[J].河南科学,2008,26(5):611-613. (
