The 3DGR/L-CysS/GCE was prepared by drop-coating method, and characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The electrochemical behaviors of clozapine at 3DGR/L-CysS/GCE were studied by cyclic voltammetry(CV), controlled potential coulometry(CPC), differential pulse voltammetry(DPV)and chronocoulometry(CC). The experimental results showed that the reaction of clozapine at 3DGR/L-CysS/GCE was an electrochemical reaction with one electron and one proton transfer. The peak current and clozapine content showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 2.0×10-5~5.0×10-4 mol/L, and the detection limit was 1.21×10-6 mol/L(S/N=3). 3DGR/L-CysS/GCE was used for the determination of clozapine in tablets, and the recovery was 97.5%~100.8%.
LIANG Ninggang
,
LI Juanjuan
,
CAI Zhuo
,
JIANG Cuiwen
,
YE Danni
. Preparation of three-dimensional graphene/L-CysS composite modified electrode and its application in determination of clozapine[J]. Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition), 2018
, 38(5)
: 503
-508
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2018.05.009
[1] RAGGI M A, PUCCI V, BUGAMELLI F, et al. Comparison of three analytical methods for quality control of clozapine tablets[J]. Journal of Aoac International, 2001, 84(2):361-367.
[2] CHEN Y, FA-LIN Q U, YAN L I, et al. Determination of clozapine and amisulpride in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2015, 31(21):2140-2140. DOI: 1001-6821(2015)31:21<2140:GXYXSP>2.0.TX;2-8.
[3] LLERENA A, BERECZ R, NORBERTO M J, et al. Determination of clozapine and its N-desmethyl metabolite by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection[J]. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl, 2015, 755(1):349-354. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00056-1.
[4] ZHENG M M, WANG S T, HU W K, et al. In-tube solid-phase microextraction based on hybrid silica monolith coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for automated analysis of ten antidepressants in human urine and plasma[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2010, 1217(48):7493-7501. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.002.
[5] WOHLFARTH A, TOEPFNER N, HERMANNS-CLAUSEN M, et al. Sensitive quantification of clozapine and its main metabolites norclozapine and clozapine- N -oxide in serum and urine using LC-MS/MS after simple liquid-liquid extraction work-up[J]. Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2011, 400(3):737-746. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4831-8.
[6] JIN W, XU Q, LI W. Determination of clozapine by capillary zone electrophoresis following end-column amperometric detection with simplified capillary/electrode alignment[J]. Electrophoresis, 2000, 21(7):1415-1420. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(20000401)21:7<1415::AID-ELPS1415>3.0.CO;2-M.
[7] 曹洁, 肖景奇, 贾娟,等. 中空纤维膜-液相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用法测定血液中的氯氮平[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2015(15):2463-2465. CAO J, XIAO J Q, JIA J, et al. Determination of clozapine in blood samples by hollow fiber-liquid phase micr-oextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Tec-hnology, 2015(15):2463-2465.
[8] MOHAMED A A, AL-GHANNAM S M. Spectrophotometric determination of clozapine based on its oxidation with bromate in a micellar medium[J]. IL Farmaco, 2004, 59(11):907-911. DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.07.008.
[9] M R FATHI, FAR D A. Electrochemical sensor for square wave voltammetric determination of clozapine by glassy carbon electrode modified by WO3 nanoparticles[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2017, 17(18):6069-6076. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2017.2735304.
[10] TAMMARI E, NEZHADALI A, LOTFI S, et al. Fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on magnetic nanocomposite Fe3O4/β-Alanine/Pd modified glassy carbon electrode for determination of nanomolar level of clozapine in biological model and pharmaceutical samples[J]. Sensors & Actuators B Chemical, 2016, 241:879-886. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.11.014.
[11] LI Y, WANG X, YANG Q, et al. Ultra-fine CuO nanoparticles embedded in three-dimensional graphene network Nano-structure for high-performance flexible supercapacitors[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 243:63-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.167.
[12] SHI F, XI J, HOU F, et al. Application of three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide-gold composite modified electrode for direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of myoglobin[J]. Materials Science & Engineering C, 2016, 58:450-457. 10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.049.
[13] 沈培康, 李运勇, 田植群,等. 一种三维多级孔结构的石墨烯粉体的制备方法: CN, 105923623 A[P]. 2016.
[14] PATIL R H, HEGDE R N, NANDIBEWOOR S T. Electro-oxidation and determination of antihistamine drug, cetirizine dihydrochloride at glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes[J]. Colloids & Surfaces B Biointerfaces, 2011, 83(1):133-138. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.008.
[15] DANG X, HU C, SHEN D, et al. A novel electrochemical method for determination of cis-jasmone based on enhancement effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide[J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2011, 657(1-2):39-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.03.006.
