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25 March 2026, Volume 46 Issue 2

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Sheep body size measurement method based on point cloud multi-scale directional consistency

HE Mengteng, PAN Haowen, DENG Hongxing, XU Xingshi, SONG Huaibo

2026, 46(2):  113-127.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.001

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Sheep body size measurement is important for evaluating growth, development, and economic value. In this study, to address the problem of unstable local direction estimation in single-sided point clouds, a multi-scale directional consistency-based method for sheep point cloud body size measurement was proposed. Local principal directions were first calculated at three scales and fused using confidence weights based on eigenvalue anisotropy, and individual segmentation was then completed through region- 引用格式:何梦腾,潘浩文,邓洪兴,等.基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):113-127.引用格式:何梦腾,潘浩文,邓洪兴,等.基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):113-127.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.001基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法何梦腾^1,2,潘浩文^1,2,邓洪兴^1,2,许兴时^1,2,宋怀波^1,2(1.西北农林科技大学 机械与电子工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100;2.陕西省农业信息感知与智能服务重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100)摘 要:羊只体尺参数是评估其生长发育状况和经济价值的重要指标.本研究针对单侧点云局部方向估计不稳定的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度方向一致性的羊只点云体尺测量方法.首先在3个尺度下计算局部主方向,并根据特征值各向异性进行置信度加权融合,随后结合区域生长算法完成个体点云分割.针对测量点定位偏差和腿部干扰问题,提出一种基于区域约束与曲率分析的体尺测量方法.该方法通过腹线最低点识别羊只前后腿位置并划分4个区域,采用Alpha Shapes算法提取目标轮廓,结合曲率分析定位测量点,并通过分割腿部来消除深度测量干扰.实验结果表明,多尺度融合方法的平均交并比为92.99%,较最佳单尺度方案提升了2.16个百分点.从成功分割的样本中筛选21只点云完整的羊只,对其体斜长、体高、胸深、腹深和十字部高5项体尺参数进行测量,结果显示去除腿部后,胸深和腹深的测量误差分别降低了61.0%和50.2%,5项体尺参数的平均绝对误差为2.11 cm,平均相对误差为4.85%,满足实际生产中的精度要求.关键词:羊只;体尺测量;点云分割;点云多尺度融合;点云方向一致性中图分类号:TP391.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)02-0113-15DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.001Sheep body size measurement method based on point cloud multi-scale directional consistencyHE Mengteng^1,2, PAN Haowen^1,2, DENG Hongxing^1,2, XU Xingshi^1,2, SONG Huaibo^1,2(1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling 712100, China)Abstract: Sheep body size measurement is important for evaluating growth, development, and economic value. In this study, to address the problem of unstable local direction estimation in single-sided point clouds, a multi-scale directional consistency-based method for sheep point cloud body size measurement was proposed. Local principal directions were first calculated at three scales and fused using confidence weights based on eigenvalue anisotropy, and individual segmentation was then completed through region- 收稿日期:2025-11-28;修回日期:2026-01-09 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1300600);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2024BBF02029) 第一作者:何梦腾(2002—),男,西北农林科技大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事家畜体尺测量方向研究.E-mail:2024056017@nwafu.edu.cn 通信作者:宋怀波(1980—),男,西北农林科技大学教授,博士生导师,主要从事模式识别的理论研究.E-mail:songyangfeifei@163.com 第2期何梦腾等:基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷growing. To address the difficulties in measurement point localization and leg interference, a measurement method based on region constraints and curvature analysis was proposed. Front and rear leg positions were identified through the lowest points of the abdominal line and the point cloud was divided into four regions. The Alpha Shapes algorithm was then employed to extract contours, and measurement points were located through curvature analysis while leg segmentation eliminated depth measurement interference. The experimental results indicated that the multi-scale fusion method achieved an average intersection over union(IoU)of 92.99%, representing a 2.16 percentage point improvement over the best single-scale scheme. For the measurement of five body parameters(body slanting length, body height, chest depth, abdominal depth, and cross height)on 21 sheep with complete point clouds selected from the successfully segmented samples, the measurement errors for chest depth and abdominal depth were reduced by 61.0% and 50.2%, respectively, after leg removal. The overall mean absolute error(MAE)and mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)for the five parameters were 2.11 cm and 4.85%, respectively, which meet the accuracy requirements for practical applications.

Local path planning method for feed-pushing robot based on adaptive weights of navigation variables

YAN Minghong, GAO Dehua, LI Maoqiang, MA Yonglong, MA Chi, ZHANG Wenkai, TIAN Shiyu, RAN Wanqing

2026, 46(2):  128-141.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.002

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To control the robots navigation path tracking and achieve trackless precise material pushing, a local path planning method based on adaptive control algorithm of navigation variable weight is proposed. By allocating tracking weights to the lateral distance of the cattle pen and the course deviation of the target waypoint, the dependence on the global positioning is reduced, and the pushing operation of the robot with a fixed lateral distance is realized, and the following of the global path is considered. At the same time, the planner monitors the power of the drive motor and adjusts the angular velocity and the lateral distance by adjusting the holding distance to adapt to different dietary thicknesses. The experimental results show that when the global positioning error is within ±100 cm, the method proposed in this paper can maintain the accuracy of the cattle fence within the lateral range of 2 cm, and solve the adaptive path adjustment problem of the robot under extreme dietary load conditions, and effectively solve the problem of robot navigation control in the complex feeding channel scene.- 引用格式:何梦腾,潘浩文,邓洪兴,等.基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):113-127.引用格式:颜铭宏,高德华,李茂强,等.基于导航变量权重自适应的推料机器人局部路径规划方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):128-141.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.002基于导航变量权重自适应的推料机器人局部路径规划方法颜铭宏¹,高德华¹,李茂强²,马永龙²,马驰¹,张文恺¹,田世玉¹,冉碗情²(1.宁夏大学 机械工程学院,宁夏 银川 750021;2.北方民族大学 机电工程学院,宁夏 银川 750021)摘 要:为了控制机器人对导航路径的跟踪,实现无轨精准推料,本文提出一种基于导航变量权重自适应控制算法的局部路径规划方法.通过对牛栏横向距离和目标航点航向偏差进行跟踪权重分配,降低对全局定位的依赖,实现机器人以固定横向距离进行推料作业,并遵循全局路径;同时,规划器监测驱动电机的功率,并通过调整保持距离以调节角速度与横向距离,达到适应不同日粮厚度的目的.实验结果表明,全局定位误差在±100 cm内时,本文提出的方法可实现对牛栏的横向距离保持精度在2 cm以内,解决了极端日粮载荷条件下机器人自适应路径调整问题,有效应对饲喂通道复杂场景下机器人导航控制问题.关键词:推料机器人;权重自适应;局部路径规划;PID算法中图分类号:TP242.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)02-0128-14DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.002Local path planning method for feed-pushing robot based on adaptive weights of navigation variablesYAN Minghong¹, GAO Dehua¹, LI Maoqiang², MA Yonglong², MA Chi¹, ZHANG Wenkai¹, TIAN Shiyu¹, RAN Wanqing²(1.College of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China)Abstract: To control the robots navigation path tracking and achieve trackless precise material pushing, a local path planning method based on adaptive control algorithm of navigation variable weight is proposed. By allocating tracking weights to the lateral distance of the cattle pen and the course deviation of the target waypoint, the dependence on the global positioning is reduced, and the pushing operation of the robot with a fixed lateral distance is realized, and the following of the global path is considered. At the same time, the planner monitors the power of the drive motor and adjusts the angular velocity and the lateral distance by adjusting the holding distance to adapt to different dietary thicknesses. The experimental results show that when the global positioning error is within ±100 cm, the method proposed in this paper can maintain the accuracy of the cattle fence within the lateral range of 2 cm, and solve the adaptive path adjustment problem of the robot under extreme dietary load conditions, and effectively solve the problem of robot navigation control in the complex feeding channel scene.- 收稿日期:2025-12-01;修回日期:2026-01-06 基金项目:宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC03258);宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2024BBF02029) 第一作者:颜铭宏(1998—),男,宁夏大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事智能化农牧装备方向研究.E-mail:790169572@qq.com 通信作者:高德华(1989—),男,宁夏大学副教授,主要从事智能化农牧装备方向研究.E-mail:dehuag@nxu.edu.cn 第2期颜铭宏等:基于导航变量权重自适应的推料机器人局部路径规划方法河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷

Research on multiple crack propagation of asphalt roads based on XFEM

SHAO Qian, FENG Zhen, FEI Hailiang, WANG Xingyue, ZHANG Jiahui

2026, 46(2):  142-150.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.003

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In order to investigate the effect of fatigue propagation of reflection cracks on nearby cracks in asphalt roads, this paper uses ABAQUS software to construct a two-dimensional model of road structures with multiple initial cracks. By means of the extended finite element method(XFEM)in the software, the model is subjected to vehicle-thermal shrinkage coupling loads to analyze the dynamic response of cracks at different lengths and distances during the fatigue propagation process, simultaneously analyzing the role of vehicle loads in coupled loads. The results show that the longer the length of the cracks, the smaller the distance between the preset cracks and fatigue propagation cracks in the road, and the more significant the promoting effect of fatigue propagation on crack cracking. Vehicle loads significantly the propagation of fatigue cracks, and facilitate the transformation of cracks from open type cracking to shear type cracking.

Vertical surface displacement during construction of three-line closely-spaced parallel shield tunnels

CHENG Ziyang, DING Jiahao, WANG Jiahui, ZHANG Jiaxu, YANG Ping, DING Cheng

2026, 46(2):  151-159.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.004

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Focusing on the risks associated with the parallel construction of three-line tunnels, this study, based on the Suzhou Metro Line 8 project, adopts a construction sequence where the middle line is excavated first, followed by the two side lines. Through field measurements, it analyzes the variation patterns of surface vertical displacement caused by the parallel shield tunneling of the three lines and investigates the impact of tunneling parameters such as earth chamber pressure and cutterhead torque on surface vertical displacement. The results indicate that: longitudinally, surface settlement during three-line construction initially uplifts to a maximum value, then settles, and eventually stabilizes; laterally, the maximum settlement occurs along the axis of the middle tunnel, decreasing towards both sides. Earth chamber pressure, grouting volume, and grouting pressure significantly affect surface settlement. Effective control of surface settlement can be achieved by maintaining the earth chamber pressure within the range of 0.18—0.21 MPa, grouting pressure within 0.20—0.24 MPa, and grouting volume at 1.5 to 1.8 times the theoretical gap volume. Both earth chamber pressure and cutterhead torque are positively correlated with the total thrust of the shield machine, but there is no direct relationship between earth- 引用格式:何梦腾,潘浩文,邓洪兴,等.基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):113-127.引用格式:程姿洋,丁嘉浩,王加辉,等.三线近距并行盾构隧道施工地表竖向位移［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):151-159.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.004三线近距并行盾构隧道施工地表竖向位移程姿洋¹,丁嘉浩²,王加辉²,张佳旭¹,杨平²,丁程² (1.中交一公局第八工程有限公司,天津 300170;2. 南京林业大学 土木工程学院,江苏 南京 210037)摘 要:针对三线盾构隧道并行施工风险,依托某市地铁8号线工程,采用“先中线后两边”的三线施工顺序.通过现场实测分析三线并行盾构施工引起的地表竖向位移变化规律,研究土仓压力、刀盘扭矩等掘进参数对地表竖向位移的影响.结果表明:三线施工引起的地表沉降在纵向上先隆起至最大值,然后沉降,最终趋于稳定;横向上中线隧道轴线处沉降最大,向两侧递减;土仓压力、注浆量和注浆压力对地表沉降影响显著,将土仓压力控制在0.18~0.21 MPa、注浆压力控制在0.20~0.24 MPa、注浆量控制在理论间隙的1.5~1.8倍时,可有效控制地表沉降;土仓压力、刀盘扭矩均与盾构总推力呈正相关,但土仓压力与刀盘扭矩之间无直接关联,注浆量与注浆压力呈正相关. 关键词:三线并行;地表竖向位移;掘进参数;土仓压力中图分类号:U45 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)02-0151-09DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.004Vertical surface displacement during construction of three-line closely-spaced parallel shield tunnelsCHENG Ziyang¹, DING Jiahao², WANG Jiahui², ZHANG Jiaxu¹, YANG Ping², DING Cheng²(1. The Eighth Engineering Co., Ltd. of the First Highway Engineering Bureau of CCCC, Tianjin 300170, China;2. College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)Abstract: Focusing on the risks associated with the parallel construction of three-line tunnels, this study, based on the Suzhou Metro Line 8 project, adopts a construction sequence where the middle line is excavated first, followed by the two side lines. Through field measurements, it analyzes the variation patterns of surface vertical displacement caused by the parallel shield tunneling of the three lines and investigates the impact of tunneling parameters such as earth chamber pressure and cutterhead torque on surface vertical displacement. The results indicate that: longitudinally, surface settlement during three-line construction initially uplifts to a maximum value, then settles, and eventually stabilizes; laterally, the maximum settlement occurs along the axis of the middle tunnel, decreasing towards both sides. Earth chamber pressure, grouting volume, and grouting pressure significantly affect surface settlement. Effective control of surface settlement can be achieved by maintaining the earth chamber pressure within the range of 0.18—0.21 MPa, grouting pressure within 0.20—0.24 MPa, and grouting volume at 1.5 to 1.8 times the theoretical gap volume. Both earth chamber pressure and cutterhead torque are positively correlated with the total thrust of the shield machine, but there is no direct relationship between earth- 收稿日期:2024-12-10;修回日期:2025-07-01 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(42101127) 第一作者:程姿洋(1988—),男,中交一公局第八工程有限公司高级工程师,主要从事地下工程施工方向研究. E-mail: 648624113@qq.com 通信作者:杨平(1964—),男,南京林业大学教授,博士生导师,主要从事环境岩土工程与城市地下工程方向研究. E-mail: yangping@njfu.edu.cn 第2期程姿洋等:三线近距并行盾构隧道施工地表竖向位移河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷chamber pressure and cutterhead torque, grouting volume and grouting pressure are positively correlated.

Improvement and engineering application of composite nano-fillers on the electrical insulation properties of polyurea materials

WANG Fan, WANG Yang, JIA Zheng, LU Junjun, LIU Tongbao, QIAN Miaowang, LI Beijun

2026, 46(2):  160-172.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.005

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To address the increasing number of transmission line faults caused by bird damage, this paper proposes a method of using spray polyurea elastomer composite materials for local insulation enhancement on the conductor side(high-voltage side)of transmission lines to improve the insulation performance of the lines. In order to optimize the performance of polyurea elastomer materials, this paper introduces three filler particles, namely MgO, SiO₂ and CaO, to modify the polyurea curing system, and conducts orthogonal experiments to study the influence of different fillers on the comprehensive performance of polyurea materials.- 引用格式:何梦腾,潘浩文,邓洪兴,等.基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):113-127.引用格式:汪帆,王阳,贾铮,等.复合纳米填料对聚脲材料电气绝缘性能的提升及工程应用［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):160-172.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.005复合纳米填料对聚脲材料电气绝缘性能的提升及工程应用汪帆¹,王阳¹,贾铮¹,陆俊俊¹,刘同宝¹,钱苗旺¹,李北军²(1.国网江苏省电力有限公司 连云港供电公司, 江苏 连云港 222000;2.华北电力大学 电力工程系, 河北 保定 071003)摘 要:为应对因鸟害导致的输电线路故障日益增加的问题,提出在输电线路导线侧(高压侧)采用喷涂聚脲弹性体复合材料进行局部绝缘增强的方法,以提高线路绝缘性能.针对聚脲弹性体材料的性能优化,本文通过引入MgO、SiO₂、CaO 3种填料粒子改性聚脲固化体系,并采用正交实验研究不同填料对聚脲材料综合性能的影响.实验结果表明,纳米粒子可有效改善材料的微观结构缺陷,提升其交流击穿强度.特别是当MgO、SiO₂、CaO的掺量(质量分数)分别为4%、0.5%、4%时,聚脲材料的综合性能最佳,其交流击穿强度提高了13.42%,热导率提升了12.05%.关键词:聚脲;电介质;正交实验;纳米颗粒;微米颗粒中图分类号:TM211 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)02-0160-13DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.005Improvement and engineering application of composite nano-fillers on the electrical insulation properties of polyurea materialsWANG Fan¹, WANG Yang¹, JIA Zheng¹, LU Junjun¹, LIU Tongbao¹, QIAN Miaowang¹, LI Beijun²(1. State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Lianyungang Power Supply Company, Lianyungang 222000, China;2. Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China)Abstract: To address the increasing number of transmission line faults caused by bird damage, this paper proposes a method of using spray polyurea elastomer composite materials for local insulation enhancement on the conductor side(high-voltage side)of transmission lines to improve the insulation performance of the lines. In order to optimize the performance of polyurea elastomer materials, this paper introduces three filler particles, namely MgO, SiO₂ and CaO, to modify the polyurea curing system, and conducts orthogonal experiments to study the influence of different fillers on the comprehensive performance of polyurea materials.- 收稿日期:2025-07-06;修回日期:2025-11-20 基金项目:国网江苏省电力有限公司科学技术项目(J2024126) 第一作者:汪帆(1991—),男,国网江苏省电力有限公司连云港供电公司工程师,主要从事输电线路运维、检修以及输电线路六防方向研究.E-mail:1784814972@qq.com 通信作者:王阳(1985—),男,国网江苏省电力有限公司连云港供电公司工程师,主要从事永磁同步电机本体设计方向研究.E-mail:carpediem1224@163.com 第2期汪帆等:复合纳米填料对聚脲材料电气绝缘性能的提升及工程应用河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷The experimental results show that nanoparticles can effectively improve the microstructure defects of materials and enhance their alternating current breakdown strength. Especially when the dosages of MgO, SiO₂ and CaO are 4%, 0.5% and 4% respectively, the comprehensive performance of polyurea material is the best. Its alternating current breakdown strength increases by 13.42% and the thermal conductivity increases by 12.05%.

Identification and characterization of surfactant production by Bacillus velezensis strain BvN7

SONG Yuxuan, ZHOU Qinwen, WANG Rui, YU Weichu, SUN Wenxiu

2026, 46(2):  173-181.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.006

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To further explore the potential applications of microbial metabolites in crude oil recovery, this study focused on Bacillus velezensis BvN7, a strain isolated from oil-contaminated layer. Chromatography, methylene blue assay, and bromophenol blue method, revealed that the surfactants were anionic lipopeptide-type biosurfactants. By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyse the structure of biosurfactants, the results indicated that the main components of surfactants were iturin and surfactin, both of which are cyclic lipopeptides, and the content of iturin and surfactin was about 1∶25. The characteristics and stability of the biosurfactants were analyzed, and the results showed the critical micelle concentration of the biosurfactants was 30 mg/L, which could reduce the surface tension of water to 26.51 mN/m. They maintained good emulsifying performance and surface activity within the pH range of 5—11, temperature range of -20 to 100 ℃,- 引用格式:何梦腾,潘浩文,邓洪兴,等.基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):113-127.引用格式:宋雨轩,周沁雯,王睿,等.贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BvN7产表面活性剂的鉴定及特性［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):173-181.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.006贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BvN7产表面活性剂的鉴定及特性宋雨轩¹,周沁雯¹,王睿¹,余维初²,孙文秀¹(1.长江大学 生命科学学院,湖北 荆州 434025;2.长江大学 化学与环境工程学院,湖北 荆州 434025)摘 要:为进一步探究微生物代谢产物在原油开采中的应用,本研究以油污土壤样品中分离获得的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)BvN7为研究对象,对其产生的表面活性剂进行了鉴定和特性研究.通过薄层层析、亚甲基蓝法和溴酚蓝法鉴定其表面活性剂为阴离子脂肽类.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和液相质谱联用分析表明,表面活性剂主要成分为环状脂肽伊枯草菌素(iturin)和表面活性素(surfactin),含量比约为1∶25.表面活性剂特性和稳定性分析结果表明,其临界胶束浓度为30 mg/L,可降低水的表面张力至26.51 mN/m,在pH 5~11、温度-20~100 ℃、盐度0%~10%内都保持较好的乳化性能及表面活性.岩心驱替实验表明,生物表面活性剂可提高原油采收率达15.95%.本研究为微生物采油技术在低渗透油田的应用提供了理论基础和实践依据.关键词:贝莱斯芽孢杆菌;产物鉴定;生物表面活性剂;石油采收率中图分类号:Q939.97;TE357 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)02-0173-09DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.006Identification and characterization of surfactant production by Bacillus velezensis strain BvN7SONG Yuxuan¹, ZHOU Qinwen¹, WANG Rui¹, YU Weichu², SUN Wenxiu¹(1. College of Life Science,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;2. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China)Abstract: To further explore the potential applications of microbial metabolites in crude oil recovery, this study focused on Bacillus velezensis BvN7, a strain isolated from oil-contaminated layer. Chromatography, methylene blue assay, and bromophenol blue method, revealed that the surfactants were anionic lipopeptide-type biosurfactants. By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyse the structure of biosurfactants, the results indicated that the main components of surfactants were iturin and surfactin, both of which are cyclic lipopeptides, and the content of iturin and surfactin was about 1∶25. The characteristics and stability of the biosurfactants were analyzed, and the results showed the critical micelle concentration of the biosurfactants was 30 mg/L, which could reduce the surface tension of water to 26.51 mN/m. They maintained good emulsifying performance and surface activity within the pH range of 5—11, temperature range of -20 to 100 ℃,- 收稿日期:2025-05-13;修回日期:2025-06-01 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52274029) 第一作者:宋雨轩(1999—),女,长江大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事环境微生物应用方向研究.E-mail:18272668155@163.com 通信作者:孙文秀(1979—),女,长江大学教授,主要从事微生物资源开发与利用方向研究.E-mail:wenxiusun@163.com余维初(1965—),男,长江大学教授,博士生导师,主要从事油气田化学应用方向研究.E-mail:yuweichu@126.com 第2期宋雨轩等:贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BvN7产表面活性剂的鉴定及特性河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷and salt concentration range of 0%—10%. Core displacement experiments demonstrate that the surfactants can increase the oil recovery rate by 15.95%. The research results have provided a theoretical basis and practical evidence for the application of microbial enhanced oil recovery technology in low-permeability oilfields.

Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis Z-14 in controlling cucumber Fusarium wilt and its impact on rhizosphere microecology

AN Xutong, WEI Mengyao, YUE Zhaoru, XING Shuyu, ZHANG Linzi, ZHANG Qian, ZHANG Dongdong

2026, 46(2):  182-193.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.007

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Cucumber Fusarium wilt was a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum(FOC)infecting the roots or stems of the plant and parasitizing the vascular bundles. This study investigated the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis Z-14, screened in previous research, in controlling cucumber Fusarium wilt and its impact on the substrate microecology. The results showed that Z-14 effectively colonized the cucumber rhizosphere, achieving a control efficacy of 56.7% against Fusarium- 引用格式:何梦腾,潘浩文,邓洪兴,等.基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):113-127.引用格式:安旭彤,魏梦瑶,岳昭汝,等.枯草芽孢杆菌Z-14防治黄瓜枯萎病的作用效果及对根际微生态的影响［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):182-193.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.007枯草芽孢杆菌Z-14防治黄瓜枯萎病的作用效果及对根际微生态的影响安旭彤,魏梦瑶,岳昭汝,邢舒雨,张林姿,张倩,张冬冬(河北农业大学 生命科学学院,农业废弃物资源化利用河北省工程研究中心,河北 保定 071001)摘 要:黄瓜枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum,FOC)侵染植株根或茎并寄生于维管束导致的土传病害.本研究利用前期筛选的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Z-14进行盆栽实验,检测其对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果及对黄瓜根际理化性质、酶活性、微生物数量和真菌多样性的影响.结果表明,Z-14菌株能在黄瓜根部有效定殖,对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果达到56.7%.同时Z-14菌株显著缓解了FOC对黄瓜植株的生长抑制作用,使得株高、株质量、根长、根质量均显著增加.Z-14菌株促进了根际纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶活性,增加了基质中全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷含量,塑造了一个更有利于植物吸收利用的根际营养环境.施用Z-14菌剂后,芽孢杆菌、木霉等有益菌丰度显著增加,致病镰刀菌丰度降低.真菌群落多样性分析显示,共同施加Z-14菌株和FOC增加了真菌群落的Shannon指数;单独或者联合施加Z-14菌株和FOC对真菌群落Beta多样性都具有显著影响,Z-14菌株的加入可消除FOC对真菌群落的影响.综上所述,枯草芽孢杆菌Z-14通过影响根际酶活性、养分含量和微生物群落结构,不仅高效控制了黄瓜枯萎病,而且显著促进了植株生长,具有良好的防病促生应用前景.关键词:枯草芽孢杆菌;黄瓜枯萎病;根际微生态;生物防治中图分类号:S436.421 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)02-0182-12DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.007Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis Z-14 in controlling cucumber Fusarium wilt and its impact on rhizosphere microecologyAN Xutong, WEI Mengyao, YUE Zhaoru, XING Shuyu, ZHANG Linzi, ZHANG Qian, ZHANG Dongdong(Hebei Province Agricultural Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center,College of Life Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)Abstract: Cucumber Fusarium wilt was a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum(FOC)infecting the roots or stems of the plant and parasitizing the vascular bundles. This study investigated the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis Z-14, screened in previous research, in controlling cucumber Fusarium wilt and its impact on the substrate microecology. The results showed that Z-14 effectively colonized the cucumber rhizosphere, achieving a control efficacy of 56.7% against Fusarium- 收稿日期:2025-12-21;修回日期:2026-01-04 基金项目:河北省农业科技成果转化资金项目(202460103030017);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2023204044) 第一作者:安旭彤(2001—),女,河北农业大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事农业微生物资源利用方向研究. E-mail: 1376507479@qq.com 通信作者:张冬冬(1981—),男,河北农业大学副教授,博士,主要从事农业微生物资源开发及利用方向研究. E-mail: zhangdongcumt@163.com 第2期安旭彤等:枯草芽孢杆菌Z-14防治黄瓜枯萎病的作用效果及对根际微生态的影响河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷wilt, and significantly alleviated the growth inhibition caused by the pathogen. It increased the plant height, plant weight, root length, and root weight of cucumber, thereby restoring plant biomass. Simultaneously, Z-14 treatment significantly enhanced cellulase and catalase activities in the cucumber rhizosphere and increased the contents of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the substrate, shaping a rhizosphere nutrient environment more conducive to plant uptake and utilization. Z-14 treatment significantly increased the abundance of beneficial genera such as Bacillus, and Trichoderma, while significantly reducing the abundance of the pathogenic Fusarium. Microbial community diversity analysis revealed that co-application of Z-14 and FOC significantly increased the Shannon index of the fungal community. Both separated and combined applications of Z-14 and FOC significantly affected the Beta diversity of the fungal community, and the addition of Z-14 eliminated the impact of FOC on the fungal community. In summary, B. subtilis Z-14 improved rhizosphere enzyme activities and nutrient content, influenced the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community, not only effectively controlled cucumber Fusarium wilt but also significantly promoted plant growth, demonstrating excellent application potential with dual functions of biocontrol and growth promotion.

Application of three-way decision in extracting object structural information

MAO Hua,YU Junping,LIU Chuan,DU Baocang, YUAN Xiaolei

2026, 46(2):  194-203.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.008

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In the existing research on the three-way concepts, only the knowledge content derived from the relationship between objects and attributes is considered, while the problem of knowledge content generated by the structural information among objects is ignored. Combining classical formal concept analysis theory with graph theory,we obtain a graphical representation of structural information among objects. Furthermore, combining this representation with three-way decision theory, two new knowledge expressions——three-way global concept and three-way local concept are proposed. By building up a platform for extracting the two knowledge——pseudo double Boolean algebra, a method for obtaining knowledge of three-way global(local)concept is implemented.Through comparing with some existing related methods, some advantages of this method are explored. On the basis of three-way concepts derived from objects, we mine concepts knowledge that contains structural information amang objects. It enriches the knowledge system of three-way concept,and provides a new idea to mine knowledge of concepts by means of three-way decision theory.- 引用格式:何梦腾,潘浩文,邓洪兴,等.基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):113-127.引用格式:毛华,于俊萍,刘川,等.三支决策在提取对象结构信息中的应用［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):194-203.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.008三支决策在提取对象结构信息中的应用毛华¹,于俊萍¹,刘川¹,杜宝苍²,袁晓垒¹(1.河北大学 数学与信息科学学院,河北 保定 071002;2.河北金融学院 管理学院,河北 保定 071051)摘 要:针对现有三支概念的研究中,仅考虑对象与属性之间关系所产生的知识内容,却忽略了对象之间的结构信息所产生的知识内容问题,本文将经典的形式概念分析理论与图论相结合,得到对象之间结构信息的图表示,将此表示与三支决策理论有机融合,产生新的知识表述——三支全局概念和三支局部概念.通过搭建这2种知识的提取平台——伪双布尔代数,在此平台上实现获取三支全局(局部)概念的方法,并通过与一些已有相关方法的对比,体现出本方法的优势.在由对象导出的三支概念的基础上,挖掘出蕴含对象之间结构信息的知识,丰富了三支概念知识体系,为利用三支决策理论挖掘概念知识提供了一种新思路.关键词:形式概念分析;图论;对象结构信息;三支决策;知识提取中图分类号:TP182 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)02-0194-10DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.008Application of three-way decision in extracting object structural informationMAO Hua¹,YU Junping¹,LIU Chuan¹,DU Baocang², YUAN Xiaolei¹(1.College of Mathematics and Information Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;2.College of Management, Hebei Finance University, Baoding 071051, China)Abstract: In the existing research on the three-way concepts, only the knowledge content derived from the relationship between objects and attributes is considered, while the problem of knowledge content generated by the structural information among objects is ignored. Combining classical formal concept analysis theory with graph theory,we obtain a graphical representation of structural information among objects. Furthermore, combining this representation with three-way decision theory, two new knowledge expressions——three-way global concept and three-way local concept are proposed. By building up a platform for extracting the two knowledge——pseudo double Boolean algebra, a method for obtaining knowledge of three-way global(local)concept is implemented.Through comparing with some existing related methods, some advantages of this method are explored. On the basis of three-way concepts derived from objects, we mine concepts knowledge that contains structural information amang objects. It enriches the knowledge system of three-way concept,and provides a new idea to mine knowledge of concepts by means of three-way decision theory.- 收稿日期:2024-12-24;修回日期:2025-09-25 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(12202130) 第一作者:毛华(1963—),女,河北大学教授,博士,主要从事形式概念分析、图论、三支决策研究.E-mail:mh@hbu.edu.cn 通信作者:于俊萍(1999—),女,河北大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事形式概念分析、图论、三支决策研究.E-mail:yjp17991102@163.com 第2期毛华等:三支决策在提取对象结构信息中的应用河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷

A deep learning-based algorithm for surface crack detection of concrete bridge

YUAN Zhengxue, CHEN Chen, LIN Kunpeng, XU Baofeng, GUO Yipeng

2026, 46(2):  204-214.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.009

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Aiming at the issues of low recognition accuracy and slow detection speed in traditional bridge crack detection methods, a deep learning-based algorithm for surface crack detection of concrete bridge is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, a feature encoder based on Ghost convolution is designed, which greatly reduces the parametric number of the network while improving the identification accuracy; secondly, a lightweight multi-scale feature extraction module based on SimAM is proposed, which- 引用格式:何梦腾,潘浩文,邓洪兴,等.基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):113-127.引用格式:袁正学,陈琛,林昆朋,等.基于深度学习的混凝土桥梁表面裂缝识别算法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):204-214.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.009基于深度学习的混凝土桥梁表面裂缝识别算法袁正学¹,陈琛²,林昆朋¹,许宝峰¹,郭一鹏³(1. 中铁贵州工程有限公司,贵州 贵安 561116;2. 湘潭大学 土木工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411105;3. 长沙理工大学 土木与环境工程学院,湖南 长沙 410114)摘 要:针对传统桥梁裂缝检测方法中存在的识别精度低、检测速度慢等问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的混凝土桥梁表面裂缝识别算法.在该算法中,首先设计了一种基于Ghost卷积的特征编码器,在提升裂缝识别精度的同时,大大减小了网络的参数量;其次,提出了一种基于SimAM增强的轻量化多尺度特征提取模块,有效减少裂缝识别过程中复杂背景干扰(蜂窝、麻面、噪音、手写标记)造成的错检和漏检问题,并提升了网络对于不同尺度裂缝的特征提取能力;最后,采用参数可学习的DUpsampling代替特征解码模块中的传统线性插值上采样操作,以输出更加精确的像素预测结果.实验结果表明,本文提出桥梁裂缝识别算法的精度指标mPA和mIoU分别为81.54%和86.77%,相较于DeepLabv3+、Unet、Segformer、Swin-Unet等4种常用裂缝识别算法具有明显的提升.此外,本文模型的图像处理速度FPS为43.91 f/s,模型大小仅为46.9 MB,很好地满足移动设备实时检测的指标要求,适用于桥梁裂缝的智能化、高精度、快速识别.关键词:桥梁工程;裂缝识别;语义分割;深度学习中图分类号:U455 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)02-0204-11DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.009A deep learning-based algorithm for surface crack detection of concrete bridgeYUAN Zhengxue¹, CHEN Chen², LIN Kunpeng¹, XU Baofeng¹, GUO Yipeng³(1. China Railway Guizhou Engineering Co., Ltd., Guian 561116, China; 2. College of Civil Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105,China;3. School of Civil Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114,China)Abstract: Aiming at the issues of low recognition accuracy and slow detection speed in traditional bridge crack detection methods, a deep learning-based algorithm for surface crack detection of concrete bridge is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, a feature encoder based on Ghost convolution is designed, which greatly reduces the parametric number of the network while improving the identification accuracy; secondly, a lightweight multi-scale feature extraction module based on SimAM is proposed, which- 收稿日期:2024-12-16;修回日期:2025-11-14 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目(52008038);湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(2024JJ6429);中铁二十局集团公司科技研发重大专项(YF2513LJ03A);中铁贵州工程有限公司科技研发项目(YF2313QL01D) 第一作者:袁正学(1976—),男,中铁贵州工程有限公司高级工程师,主要从事铁路、公路等施工技术方向研究.E-mail:zhengx0111@163.com 通信作者:陈琛(1989—),男,湘潭大学讲师,博士,主要从事铁路隧道工程、基础工程等方向研究.E-mail:chenchen19892024@126.com 第2期袁正学等:基于深度学习的混凝土桥梁表面裂缝识别算法河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷effectively decrease the misdetection and omission problems caused by the complex background disturbances(honeycomb, sisal, noise, and handwritten markings), and improves the networks feature extraction capability for cracks at different scales. Finally, parameter-learning DUpsampling is used to replace the traditional linear interpolation upsampling operation in the feature decoding module to output more accurate pixel prediction results. The experimental results show that the accuracy metrics mPA and mIoU of the proposed algorithm in this paper are 81.54% and 86.77%, respectively, which are significantly improved compared with DeepLabv3+, Unet, Segformer and Swin-Unet. In addition, FPS of the model in this paper is 43.91 f/s, and the model size is only 46.9 MB, which well meets the index requirements of real-time detection of mobile devices, and is suitable for the intelligent, high-precision, and fast identification of bridge cracks.

Anomaly acoustic detection algorithm for hydraulic turbine based on improved time-delay neural network

YIN Ning, WANG Xiaowei, WEI Pengcheng, ZHOU Jiudao, SHILIN Changhong, LIAO Yong

2026, 46(2):  215-224.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.010

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Aiming at the problem of excessive parameters in existing anomaly detection techniques for hydraulic turbines, this paper proposes an anomaly detection algorithm for hydraulic turbines based on an improved time-delay neural network. Firstly, the real-time collected audio data of hydraulic turbines are subjected to basic signal processing, and then Fbank features are calculated as the input data of the model. The ECAPA-TDNN(Emphasized Channel Attention, Propagation and Aggregation in TDNN)algorithm- 引用格式:何梦腾,潘浩文,邓洪兴,等.基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):113-127.引用格式:尹宁,王小伟,魏鹏程,等.基于改进时延神经网络的水轮机异常声纹检测算法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):215-224.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.010基于改进时延神经网络的水轮机异常声纹检测算法尹宁¹,王小伟¹,魏鹏程¹,周九道¹,施琳长弘¹,廖勇²(1.贵州乌江水电开发有限责任公司 构皮滩发电厂,贵州 遵义 564408;2.重庆大学 微电子与通信工程学院,重庆 400044)摘 要:为了解决现有水轮机异常检测技术参数量较大的问题,本文提出了一种基于改进时延神经网络的水轮机异常检测算法.首先将实时采集到的水轮机的音频数据进行基本的信号处理,然后计算Fbank特征,将其作为模型的输入数据,使用简单无参数注意力模块(simple parameter-free attention module,SimAM)优化后的ECAPA-TDNN(emphasized channel attention, propagation and aggregation in TDNN)算法对其进行训练,得到输出特征向量,然后对样本数据采用同样的处理方式,最终得到实时数据和样本数据的输出特征向量,然后计算对应的欧几里得相似度,并依据初始设定的相似度阈值来判断是否异常,如有异常,则与样本集中的典型异常状态进行比较,用于对实时监测到的异常状态进行分类.与主流的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)、ResNet以及单独的ECAPA-TDNN等模型的对比结果可知,本文所建立的模型在参数量、算法准确率和等误率性能上均存在较大的优势和提升,参数量为19.7 M,模型准确率达到99.12%,模型等误率低至0.9%,可以很好地满足水轮机异常检测的需求.关键词:水电设备;异常检测;注意力模块;时延神经网络;深度学习中图分类号:TP391.41;TU714 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)02-0215-10DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.010Anomaly acoustic detection algorithm for hydraulic turbine based on improved time-delay neural networkYIN Ning¹, WANG Xiaowei¹, WEI Pengcheng¹, ZHOU Jiudao¹, SHILIN Changhong¹, LIAO Yong²(1.Goupitan Power Plant, Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd.,Zunyi 564408,China;2.School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)Abstract: Aiming at the problem of excessive parameters in existing anomaly detection techniques for hydraulic turbines, this paper proposes an anomaly detection algorithm for hydraulic turbines based on an improved time-delay neural network. Firstly, the real-time collected audio data of hydraulic turbines are subjected to basic signal processing, and then Fbank features are calculated as the input data of the model. The ECAPA-TDNN(Emphasized Channel Attention, Propagation and Aggregation in TDNN)algorithm- 收稿日期:2025-05-12;修回日期:2025-06-11 基金项目:中国华电集团科技项目(GPTDC/2024-1209) 第一作者:尹宁(1991—),男,贵州乌江水电开发有限责任公司高级工程师,主要从事水轮发电机机械检修方向研究.E-mail:1009683793@99.com 通信作者:廖勇(1982—),男,重庆大学副研究员,博士,主要从事移动通信、人工智能及其应用方向研究.E-mail:liaoy@cqu.edu.cn 第2期尹宁等:基于改进时延神经网络的水轮机异常声纹检测算法河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷optimized by the Simple Parameter-free Attention Module(SimAM)is employed for model training to obtain the output feature vectors. The same processing procedure is applied to the sample data. Subsequently, the Euclidean similarity is calculated between the feature vectors of real-time data and sample data, and anomaly judgment is conducted according to a preset similarity threshold. If an anomaly is detected, it is further classified by comparing with typical abnormal states in the sample set. Compared with mainstream models such as Convolutional Neural Network(CNN), ResNet and the standalone ECAPA-TDNN, the proposed model shows significant advantages and improvements in terms of parameter quantity, algorithm accuracy and equal error rate(EER). The model achieves 19.7M parameters, 99.12% accuracy and 0.9% EER, which can well meet the requirements of anomaly detection for hydraulic turbines.