In recent years, significant strides have been made in strengthening ecological conservation, fostering a synergistic balance between economic development and environmental protection. Notable improvements in water quality metrics have been observed, accompanied by a gradual restoration of aquatic ecosystem health. Conducting ecological health assessments is of paramount importance for accurately tracking the progress of aquatic ecosystem recovery. Rapid and effective biomonitoring of aquatic organisms serves as a prerequisite for understanding restoration trajectories and supporting sustainable management. Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology, which leverages trace nucleic acids in the environment to directly infer species presence and abundance, has emerged as a prominent and innovative approach. This article provides a systematic review of aquatic ecological health assessments utilizing eDNA technology, compares eDNA methods with traditional approaches, and elaborates on both the practical applications and limitations of eDNA techniques. Finally, we discuss future prospects for eDNA technology, aiming to offer insights and references for the advancement of ecological civilization.- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2025.06.009基于eDNA的水体生态健康评价王宏伟,卢灿然,王玺,庄凤玉,杨丽坤 (河北大学 生命科学学院,生命科学与绿色发展研究院,河北 保定 071002 )摘 要:近年来,随着生态文明建设的加强,经济发展和环境保护双赢, 水质指标得到显著提升,水体健康状况正在逐渐恢复.开展生态健康评价对于更好地把握水生态系统恢复进程尤为重要. 快速、有效的水生生物监测是掌握恢复进程、支撑持续管理的前置条件. 环境DNA(environmental DNA,eDNA)技术借助环境微量核酸直接映射物种存在与丰度,已成为新兴主流手段. 本文系统综述了利用eDNA技术进行的水体生态健康评价,对比了eDNA技术与传统生态评价方法,详细阐述eDNA技术的实际应用及局限性, 并对eDNA技术的未来发展趋势进行展望,希望为生态文明建设提供参考和借鉴.关键词:eDNA;生物多样性;生态健康评价中图分类号:Q89 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2025)06-0637-07Ecological health assessment of waters based on eDNAWANG Hongwei, LU Canran, WANG Xi, ZHUANG Fengyu, YANG Likun(Institute of Life Science and Green Development,College of Life Sciences,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China)Abstract: In recent years, significant strides have been made in strengthening ecological conservation, fostering a synergistic balance between economic development and environmental protection. Notable improvements in water quality metrics have been observed, accompanied by a gradual restoration of aquatic ecosystem health. Conducting ecological health assessments is of paramount importance for accurately tracking the progress of aquatic ecosystem recovery. Rapid and effective biomonitoring of aquatic organisms serves as a prerequisite for understanding restoration trajectories and supporting sustainable management. Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology, which leverages trace nucleic acids in the environment to directly infer species presence and abundance, has emerged as a prominent and innovative approach. This article provides a systematic review of aquatic ecological health assessments utilizing eDNA technology, compares eDNA methods with traditional approaches, and elaborates on both the practical applications and limitations of eDNA techniques. Finally, we discuss future prospects for eDNA technology, aiming to offer insights and references for the advancement of ecological civilization.- 收稿日期:2024-03-21;修回日期:2024-10-08 基金项目:河北省燕赵黄金台聚才计划骨干人才项目(留学回国平台项目)(C2024026);教育部留学回国基金项目(201808130270);河北省自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(C2022201042);河北省科技特派员项目(2024-2026);河北大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2023167;DC2025346);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2025201026) 第一作者:王宏伟(1970—),女,河北大学教授,博士,主要从事水生生物环境监测与保护方向的研究. E-mail:whw66668888@126.com 通信作者:杨丽坤(1982—),女,河北大学实验师,主要从事环境科学方向的研究.E-mail:holly66668888@126.com 第6期王宏伟等:基于eDNA的水体生态健康评价河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第45卷
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