蔬菜废弃物蚯蚓肥料化处理

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在猪粪、牛粪中添加不同比例蔬菜废弃物,研究蚯蚓处理混合底料过程中pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾的动态变化,并对蚯蚓处理产物中的有效活菌含量和微生物多样指数进行分析.结果表明:混合底料经60 d蚯蚓处理后,pH值、有机质和全氮含量降低,全磷和全钾含量升高,猪粪组有机质和全磷含量明显高于牛粪组,但全钾含量明显低于牛粪组;猪粪组无机磷细菌和有机磷细菌的数量显著高于牛粪组,在硅酸盐菌、固氮菌和根瘤菌的数量上2个实验组无显著差异;混合底料经蚯蚓处理后的微生物多样性指数均显著优于常规堆肥方式,蚯蚓处理可以有效降低物料的臭味.为蚯蚓处理蔬菜废弃物、秸秆和畜禽粪便等有机废弃物提供理论依据.

关键词: 蚯蚓, 蔬菜废弃物, 畜禽粪便, 有效活菌

Abstract: Different proportions of vegetable waste were added to pig manure and cow dung,and the dynamic changes of pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium during the process of vermicomposting,effective viable bacteria content,and microbial diversity index in earthworm composted products were analyed.The results showed that the vermicomposting reduced the content of pH,organic matter and total nitrogen in the material,and increased the content of total phosphorus and total potassium.The content of organic matter and total phosphorus in the pig manure group was significantly higher than that in the cow manure group,but the total potassium content was significantly lower.The number of inorganic phosphorus bacteria and organic phosphorus bacteria in pig manure group was significantly higher than that in cow manure group because of higher phosphorus content.There was no significant difference regarding to the number of silicate bacteria,Azotobacter and Rhizobium between the two groups.The microbial diversity index of vermicomposting products was significantly better than that of conventional composting products.Vermicomposting could effectively reduce the odor of materials.This work provides theoretical basis for earthworm to treat organic wastes such as vegetable waste, straw and livestock manure.- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.02.011蔬菜废弃物蚯蚓肥料化处理张修顺,呼世斌,高德明,张素冰,张玥(西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100)摘要:在猪粪、牛粪中添加不同比例蔬菜废弃物,研究蚯蚓处理混合底料过程中pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾的动态变化,并对蚯蚓处理产物中的有效活菌含量和微生物多样指数进行分析.结果表明:混合底料经60 d蚯蚓处理后,pH值、有机质和全氮含量降低,全磷和全钾含量升高,猪粪组有机质和全磷含量明显高于牛粪组,但全钾含量明显低于牛粪组;猪粪组无机磷细菌和有机磷细菌的数量显著高于牛粪组,在硅酸盐菌、固氮菌和根瘤菌的数量上2个实验组无显著差异;混合底料经蚯蚓处理后的微生物多样性指数均显著优于常规堆肥方式,蚯蚓处理可以有效降低物料的臭味.为蚯蚓处理蔬菜废弃物、秸秆和畜禽粪便等有机废弃物提供理论依据.关键词:蚯蚓;蔬菜废弃物;畜禽粪便;有效活菌中图分类号:X712 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2020)02-0184-09Fertilization of vegetable waste by earthwormZHANG Xiushun,HU Shibin,GAO Deming,ZHANG Subing,ZHANG Yue(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China)Abstract: Different proportions of vegetable waste were added to pig manure and cow dung,and the dynamic changes of pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium during the process of vermicomposting,effective viable bacteria content,and microbial diversity index in earthworm composted products were analyed.The results showed that the vermicomposting reduced the content of pH,organic matter and total nitrogen in the material,and increased the content of total phosphorus and total potassium.The content of organic matter and total phosphorus in the pig manure group was significantly higher than that in the cow manure group,but the total potassium content was significantly lower.The number of inorganic phosphorus bacteria and organic phosphorus bacteria in pig manure group was significantly higher than that in cow manure group because of higher phosphorus content.There was no significant difference regarding to the number of silicate bacteria,Azotobacter and Rhizobium between the two groups.The microbial diversity index of vermicomposting products was significantly better than that of conventional composting products.Vermicomposting could effectively reduce the odor of materials.This work provides theoretical basis for earthworm to treat organic wastes such as vegetable waste, straw and livestock manure.- 收稿日期:2019-04-10 基金项目:国家“863”项目(2012AA101404-4);蚯蚓粪企业标准研制项目(K3170216004) 第一作者:张修顺(1994—),男,河南商丘人,西北农林科技大学硕士研究生,主要从事固体废弃物资源化与利用研究.E-mail:shun666love@126.com 通信作者:呼世斌(1955—),男,陕西杨凌人,西北农林科技大学教授,主要从事废水处理与资源清洁利用研究.E-mai:hushibin2003@nwsuaf.edu.cn第2期张修顺等:蔬菜废弃物蚯蚓肥料化处理

Key words: earthworm, vegetable waste, livestock manure, effective live bacteria

中图分类号:

X712

张修顺,呼世斌,高德明,张素冰,张玥. 蔬菜废弃物蚯蚓肥料化处理[J]. 河北大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 40(2): 184-192.

ZHANG Xiushun,HU Shibin,GAO Deming,ZHANG Subing,ZHANG Yue. Fertilization of vegetable waste by earthworm[J]. Journal of Hebei University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 40(2): 184-192.

参考文献

[1] 国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
[2] 张相锋,王洪涛,聂永丰.高水分蔬菜和花卉废物序批式进料联合堆肥的中试[J].环境科学,2003,24(6):148-151.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2003.06.028.
[3] 李剑.蔬菜废弃物堆肥技术参数的优化研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.
[4] 孙永明,李国学,张夫道,等.中国农业废弃物资源化现状与发展战略[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(8):169-173.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2005.08.037.
[5] LV B,XING M Y,YANG J.Speciation and transformation of heavy metals during vermicomposting of animal manure[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,209: 397-401.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.015.
[6] 伏小勇,崔广宇,陈学民,等.蚯蚓处理对污泥中微生物碳量及脱氢酶活性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(1): 252-256.DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2014.0721.
[7] 闫骏,王则武,周雨珺,等.我国农村生活垃圾的产生现状及处理模式[J].中国环保产业,2014(12):49-53.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5377.2014.12.011.
[8] 胡艳霞,孙振钧,程文玲.蚯蚓养殖及蚓粪对植物土传病害抑制作用的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(2): 296-300.DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2003.0067.
[9] 中华人民共和国农业部.2012中国农业发展报告[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[10] 黄鼎曦,陆文静,王洪涛.农业蔬菜废物处理方法研究进展和探讨[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2002,3(11):38-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-9108.2002.11.009
[11] BERNAL M P,ALBURQUERQUE J A,MORAL R.Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment.A review[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(22):5444-5453.DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.027.
[12] HAIMI J,HUHTA V.Capacity of various organic residues to support adequate earthworm biomass for vermicomposting[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1986,2(1): 23-27.DOI:10.1007/bf00638957.
[13] 柏彦超,周雄飞,汪孙军,等.牛粪经蚯蚓消解前后理化性质的比较研究[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(10): 135-137.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8581.2010.10.045.
[14] ELVIRA C,DOMINGUEZ J,SAMPEDRO L,et al.Vermicomposting for the paper pulp industry[J].Biocycle,1995,36(6):62-63.DOI: 10.1016/0929-1393(94)00035-6.
[15] SUTHAR S.Potential utilization of guar gum industrial waste in vermicompost production[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(18): 2474-2477.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.018.
[16] 许晓玲,呼世斌,刘晋波,等.蘑菇渣和畜禽粪便复配蚯蚓堆肥过程中理化指标和酶活性变化研究[J].环境工程,2018,36(7):122-127.DOI:10.13205/j.hjgc.201807025.
[17] HAND P,HAYES W A,FRANKLAND J C,et al.Vermicomposting of cow slurry[J].Pedobiologia,1988,31(3):199-209.DOI: 10.2307/3565819.
[18] 曹喜涛.畜禽粪便堆制过程中氮素损失及接种异养亚硝化细菌的初步研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2004.
[19] 鲍艳宇,周启星,颜丽,等.畜禽粪便堆肥过程中各种氮化合物的动态变化及腐熟度评价指标[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):374-380.DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2008.0098.
[20] 洪文娟,马健,张文杰,等.添加玉米芯对马粪堆肥的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2018,38(6):36-40.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3887.2018.06.010.
[21] 贾程,张增强,张永涛.污泥堆肥过程中氮素形态的变化[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(11):2269-2276.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2468.2008.11.016.
[22] 刘微,霍荣,张津,等.生物质炭对番茄秸秆和鸡粪好氧堆肥氮磷钾元素变化的影响及其机理[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):289-294.DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2015.03.052.
[23] 王守红,徐荣,朱凌宇,等.不同菌种组合对发酵残余物好氧堆肥进程及氮素变化的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(12):6429-6436.DOI: 10.12030/j.cjee.201702048.
[24] 朱新梦,董雯怡,王洪媛,等.堆肥方式对氮素损失和留存的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(16):97-104.
[25] 魏佳伦.利用蚯蚓堆肥处理羊粪和菇渣及蚓粪肥效的研究[D].沈阳: 沈阳农业大学,2017.
[26] 尹晓明,王荣江,徐潇潇,等.猪粪堆肥过程中养分和重金属含量的动态变化 [J].植物营养与肥料学报,2019,25(1):1-11.DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18044.
[27] KENNEDY A C.Bacterial diversity in agroecosystems[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,1999,74(1-3):65-76.DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00030-4.
[28] 史秀宏.硅酸盐菌剂对土壤有效养分含量及水稻产量的影响[D].哈尔滨: 东北农业大学,2016.
[29] 庄钟娟,杜迎辉,朱瑞艳,等.硅酸盐菌剂对水稻生物学性状及养分累积的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(6):88-90,93.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.06.020.
[30] 邓天天,陈曦,侯宇梦.不同环境条件下联合共生固氮菌对小麦种子生长的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2018,30(6):886-892.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.06.02.
[31] 金术超,杜春梅,平文祥,等.解磷微生物的研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2006,26(2):73-78.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-7021.2006.02.019.
[32] 刘甜甜,崔崇威,赫俊国,等.浑河流域贮存污泥成分特征及演变规律分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):276-283.DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.201702121.
[33] 蔡琳琳,李素艳,龚小强,等.好氧堆肥-蚯蚓堆肥结合法处理绿化废弃物与牛粪[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(2): 261-267.DOI:10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.02.009.
[34] 郑金伟,李辉信,胡锋.不同处理方式对奶牛粪细菌群落多样性及群落结构的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3): 555-558.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1672-2043.2009.03.025.
[35] SEN B,CHANDRA T S.Do earthworms affect dynamics of functional response and genetic structure of microbial community in a lab-scale composting system[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(2): 804-811.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.047.
[36] DOMÍNGUEZ J,AIRA M,GÓMEZ-BRANDÓN M.Vermicomposting: earthworms enhance the work of microbes[M] //Microbes at Work.Berlin,Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2009: 93-114.DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-04043-6_5
[37] KOHDA C,ANDO T,NAKAI Y.Anaerobic microorganisms degrading 3-methylindole(skatole)and indole in composting processes[J].Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho,1997,68(11): 1045-1051.DOI:10.2508/chikusan.68.1045.