2014年3-5月,利用计算机声音分析技术对黑鹳(Ciconia nigra)育雏期的鸣声进行了分析和研究.结果表明:黑鹳育雏期的鸣声可分为正常鸣叫声和惊恐声2种类型,二者语句类型大致相同,无明显的差别,均为首音素之后接着出现不定个数的凸型音素,结尾时都是平型音素,总体的趋势都是声音由低到高,再由高到低的一个渐变过程;句子持续时间、句子中音素个数和音素间的时间间隔在正常鸣声与惊恐声间无显著性差异(P>0.05);但音素持续时间、最低频率和最高频率差异极显著(P<0.01).黑鹳主要通过音素的重复,即改变首音素后的平型音素或凸型音素的个数实现句型的改变,以表达不同的含义.
关键词：
黑鹳; 育雏期; 鸣声特征; 声谱; 语图
The brood stage song of black stork were measured and analyzed during March to May,2014.The results showed that:the brood stage song could be divided into two types including normal songs and scared calls,which had no obvious difference in the structure of the verses that the convex type note came after first note and end with flat note.The overall frequency trend on the song was being from low to high and then high to low.There was no significant difference between normal songs and scared calls in duration of verse,number of notes song and time interval between the notes(P>0.05).By comparison,there were highly significant differences in duration of note,maximum frequency and minimum frequency(P<0.01).Different meanings could be conveyed by different the verse type or note repetition in black stork,namely that the verse type could be changed by changing the number of convex type note and flat type note.
[1] 郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[2] 鲍伟东,罗小勇.北京地区黑鹳越冬期的取食行为[J].动物学杂志,2006,41(5):57-61.DOI:10.13859/j.cjz.2006.05.011. BAO Weidong,LUO Xiaoyong.Foraging behavior of wintering Black stork in Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2006,41(5):57-61.DOI:10.13859/j.cjz.2006.05.011.
[3] 许秀,吴逸群.黑鹳的生态学研究与保护[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(13):3086-3088.DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2013.13.003. XU Xiu,WU Yiqun.Study on protection and eco-biology of Ciconia nigra[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2013,52(13):3086-3088.DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2013.13.003.
[4] 郭建荣,吴丽荣,王建萍,等.山西芦芽山自然保护区黑鹳的繁殖及保护[J].四川动物,2002,21(1):41-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2002.01.016. GUO Jianrong,WU Lirong,WANG Jianping,et al.Shanxi rhizome bud mountain Nature Reserve of black stork breeding and protection[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2002,21(1):41-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2002.01.016.
[5] 时文龙,韩怀恩.黑鹳的繁殖生态[J].河南林业,2000(6):48.
[6] 白哓洁,王文峰,刘淑华,等.黑鹳人工笼养繁殖的研究[J].动物学杂志,1998,33(3):28-30.DOI:10.13859/j.cjz.1998.03.009.
[7] 刘焕金.山西省黑鹳的生态和生物学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[8] XIA Canwei,XIAO Hua,ZHANG Yanyan,et al.Individual variation in brownish flanked bush warbler songs[J].Condor,2010,112(3):591.DOI:10.1525/cond.2010.090021.
[9] 张洁,赵欣如,肖华.北京常见鸟类鸣声特征分析及其在驱鸟技术中的应用[J].四川动物学杂志,2011,30(2):182-185.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2011.02.037. ZHANG Jie,ZHAO Xinru,XIAO Hua.Acoustic analysis of birds calls applied in bird control in beijing[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2011,30(2):182-185.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2011.02.037.
[10] XIAO H,ZHOU Z X,WANG N,et al.Analyzing song characteristics of yellow-bellied tits(Parus venustulus)[J].Zool Res,2008,29(3).DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0254-5853.2008.03.008.
[11] WASS M,MIYAZAKI J R.Last word effect of male advertising calls on female preference in little penguins Eudyptula minor[J].J Avian Biology,2002,34:229-232.DOI:10.1007/s10211-014-0193-5.
[12] 郭敏,吴晓民,任建设,等.朱鹮不同生长发育期鸣声特征[J].西北大学学报,2007,37(5):724-728.DOI:10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2007.05.009.
[13] 赵正阶.东北鸟类[M].辽宁:辽宁科学技术出版社,1988.
[14] 约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[15] 雷富民,王爱真,王钢,等.青藏高原白腰雪雀鸣声结构的复杂性[J].动物学报,2004,50(3):348-356.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5507.2004.03.006. LEI Fumin,WANG Aizhen,WANG Gang.Complexity of calls and songs in the white-rumped snow finch Onychostruthus taczanowskii[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,2004,50(3):348-356.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5507.2004.03.006.
[16] 雷富民,赵洪峰,ROBERT B,等.中国大杜鹃的鸣声[J].动物学报,2005,51(1):31-37.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5507.2005.01.005. LEI Fumin,ZHAO Hongfeng,ROBERT B,et al.Vocalizations of the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus in China[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,2005,51(1):31-37.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5507.2005.01.005.
[17] KRODSMA D E,BAKER L D.Vocal virtuosity in the brown thrasher[J].Auk,1977,94:783-785.
[18] BAPTISTA L F.Song dialects and demes in sedentary population of the white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia Leucophrys uttalli[J].Pub Zool Univ Calif,1975,105:l-52.
