The interactions of a binuclear phenol-containing ruthenium(Ⅱ)complex with c-myc G-quadruplex DNA(c-myc Pu27 and c-myc Pu22)were investigated by UV-visible absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra titrations, Job plot, CD spectra, PCR(polymerase chain reaction)stop assay, color reaction, and FRET(fluorescence resonance energy transfer)experiments. The complex bind to c-myc Pu27 and c-myc Pu22 DNA strongly with the bonding constants of 6.21 × 107 L/mol(c-myc Pu27)and 2.33×106 L/mol(c-myc Pu22)via groove mode and the binding stoichiometry is 2∶1. The replication of c-myc DNA was completely blocked by the complex at concentrations of 4 μmol/L for c-myc Pu27 and 6 μmol/L for c-myc Pu22, indicating that the complex can induce c-myc DNA to form a G-quadruplex structure. In addition, the complex can increase the melting temperatures of F27T and F22T by 13 ℃(c-myc Pu27)and- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2021.01.004双核钌配合物与c-myc G-四链体DNA的键合性能严双美1,米雅萱1,崔玥1,郑泽宝2,赵晓珑1 (1. 河北大学 化学与环境科学学院, 河北 保定 071002;2. 泰山学院 化学化工学院,山东 泰安 271021)摘 要:通过紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱滴定、Job plot、圆二色光谱、聚合酶链式扩增反应(PCR)、显色反应以及FRET实验,研究了苯酚基双核钌配合物与c-myc G-四链体DNA(c-myc Pu27和c-myc Pu22)之间的相互作用. 结果表明,配合物对c-myc Pu27和c-myc Pu22 DNA都有较强结合,键合常数分别为6.21 × 107 L/mol 和2.33×106 L/mol,键和模式为沟槽结合,键合物质的量比为2∶1;配合物在浓度为4 μmol/L(c-myc Pu27)、6 μmol/L(c-myc Pu22)时,可完全抑制PCR扩增产物生成,表明其能够诱导c-myc DNA形成G-四链体结构. 此外,配合物可使F27T和F22T的熔解温度分别升高13 ℃和12 ℃,且在双链DNA存在时F27T和F22T的熔解温度几乎没有变化,表明其对c-myc G-四链体DNA具有显著的稳定性及选择性.关键词:钌配合物;四链体;DNA中图分类号:Q523 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2021)01-0023-09Binding properties of a dinuclear ruthenium complex to c-myc G-quadruplex DNAYAN Shuangmei1, MI Yaxuan1, CUI Yue1, ZHENG Zebao2, ZHAO Xiaolong1(1. College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China)Abstract: The interactions of a binuclear phenol-containing ruthenium(Ⅱ)complex with c-myc G-quadruplex DNA(c-myc Pu27 and c-myc Pu22)were investigated by UV-visible absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra titrations, Job plot, CD spectra, PCR(polymerase chain reaction)stop assay, color reaction, and FRET(fluorescence resonance energy transfer)experiments. The complex bind to c-myc Pu27 and c-myc Pu22 DNA strongly with the bonding constants of 6.21 × 107 L/mol(c-myc Pu27)and 2.33×106 L/mol(c-myc Pu22)via groove mode and the binding stoichiometry is 2∶1. The replication of c-myc DNA was completely blocked by the complex at concentrations of 4 μmol/L for c-myc Pu27 and 6 μmol/L for c-myc Pu22, indicating that the complex can induce c-myc DNA to form a G-quadruplex structure. In addition, the complex can increase the melting temperatures of F27T and F22T by 13 ℃(c-myc Pu27)and- 收稿日期:2020-04-20 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(21401038);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(B2016201122);保定市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(14ZF009);泰安市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(2015GX2048) 第一作者:严双美(1995—),女,河北秦皇岛人,河北大学在读硕士研究生.E-mail:2986558284@qq.com 通信作者:赵晓珑(1980—),女,河北邯郸人,河北大学副教授,博士,主要从事钌配合物与生物大分子相互作用研究.E-mail: longlong_666@sina.com郑泽宝(1980—),男,山东泰安人,泰山学院副教授,博士,主要从事钌配合物生物传感研究.E-mail: zhengzebao@163.com第1期严双美等:双核钌配合物与c-myc G-四链体DNA的键合性能12 ℃(c-myc Pu22), and the melting temperatures of F27T and F22T were almost unchanged in the presence of double-stranded DNA, suggesting that the complex has significant stability and selectivity for c-myc G-quadruplex DNA.
[1] NEIDLE S. Quadruplex nucleic acids as targets for anticancer therapeutics[J]. Nature Reviews Chemistry, 2017, 1(5): 1-10. DOI:10.1038/s41570-017-0041.
[2] HAGER L A, MOKESCH S, KIELER C, et al. Ruthenium-arene complexes bearing naphthyl-substituted 1,3-dioxoindan-2-carboxamides ligands for G-quadruplex DNA recognition[J]. Dalton Transactions, 2019, 48: 12040-12049. DOI:10.1039/c9dt02078k.
[3] WUMAIER M, SHI J J, YAO T M, et al. G-quadruplex and duplex DNA binding studies of novel Ruthenium(Ⅱ)complexes containing ascididemin ligands[J]. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2019, 196: 110681. DOI:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.021.
[4] HUPPERT J L, BALASUBRAMANIAN S. G-quadruplexes in promoters throughout the human genome[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 2007, 35: 406-413. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkl1057.
[5] MURAT P, ZHONG J, LEKIEFFRE L, et al. G-quadruplexes regulate Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen 1 mRNA translation[J]. Nature Chemical Biology, 2014, 10: 358-364. DOI:10.1038/nchembio.1479.
[6] MATHAD R I, HATZAKIS E, DAI J X, et al. c-MYC promoter G-quadruplex formed at the 5'-end of NHE III1 element: insights into biological relevance and parallel-stranded G-quadruplex stability[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 2011, 39: 9023-9033. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr612.
[7] WANG X N, SU X X, CHENG S Q, et al. MYC modulators in cancer: a patent review[J]. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2019, 29(5): 353-367. DOI:10.1080/13543776.2019.1612878.
[8] UMAR M I, JI D Y, CHAN C Y, et al. G-guadruplex-based fluorescent turn-on ligands and aptamers: from development to applications[J]. Molecules, 2019, 24: 2416. DOI:10.3390/molecules24132416.
[9] WANG K B, ELSAYED M S A, WU G H, et al. Indenoisoquinoline topoisomerase inhibitors strongly bind and stabilize the MYC promoter G-quadruplex and downregulate MYC[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2019, 141: 11059-11070. DOI:10.1021/jacs.9b02679.
[10] KLEJEVSKAJA B, PYNE A L B, REYNOLDS M, et al. Studies of G-quadruplexes formed within self-assembled DNA mini-circles[J]. Chemical Communications, 2016, 52: 12454-12457. DOI:10.1039/C6CC07110D.
[11] YU Q Q, LIU Y Y, ZHANG J N, et al. Ruthenium(Ⅱ)polypyridyl complexes as G-quadruplex inducing and stabilizing ligands in telomeric DNA[J]. Metallomics, 2013, 5: 222-231. DOI:10.1039/C3MT20214C.
[12] FLOREA A M, BÜSSELBERG D. Cisplatin as an anti-tumor drug: Cellular mechanisms of activity, drug resistance and induced side effects[J]. Cancers, 2011, 3: 1351-1371. DOI:10.3390/cancers3011351.
[13] XU L, ZHANG P P, FANG X Q, et al. A ruthenium(Ⅱ)complex containing a p-cresol group induces apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species production[J]. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2019, 191: 126-134. DOI:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.11.015.
[14] MENG T, QIN Q P, CHEN Z L, et al. Discovery of a high in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of organometallic ruthenium(Ⅱ)-arene complexes with 5,7-dihalogenated-2-methyl-8-quinolinol[J]. Dalton Transactions, 2019, 48: 5352-5360. DOI:10.1039/C9DT00866G.
[15] WEYNAND J, DIMAN A, ABRAHAM M, et al. Towards the development of photo-reactive ruthenium(Ⅱ)complexes targeting telomeric G-quadruplex DNA[J]. Chemistry-A European Journal, 2018, 24: 19216-19227. DOI:10.1002/chem.201804771.
[16] ZHANG S Y, WU Q, ZHANG H, et al. Microwave-assisted synthesis of ruthenium(Ⅱ)complexes with alkynes as potential inhibitor by selectively recognizing c-myc G-quadruplex DNA[J]. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2017, 176: 113-122. DOI:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.005.
[17] LI L, LIU H M, LIU X K, et al. A Ruthenium(Ⅱ)complex as a potential luminescent switch-on probe for G-quadruplex DNA[J]. RSC Advances, 2017, 7: 23727-23734. DOI:10.1039/c7ra01853c.
[18] LIU Y, LIU Y N, YANG L C, et al. Stabilization for loop isomers of c-myc Gquadruplex DNA and anticancer activity by ruthenium complexes[J]. Med Chem Comm, 2014, 5: 1724-1728. DOI:10.1039/c4md00201f.
[19] SUNTHARALINGAM K, WHITE A J P, VILAR R, et al. Two metals are better than one: investigations on the interactions between dinuclear metal complexes and quadruplex DNA[J]. Inorganic Chemistry, 2010, 49: 8371-8380. DOI:10.1021/ic100884p.
[20] XU L, CHEN X, WU J H, et al. Dinuclear ruthenium(Ⅱ)complexes that induce and stabilise G-quadruplex DNA[J]. Chemistry-A European Journal, 2015, 21: 4008-4020. DOI:10.1002/chem.201405991.
[21] ARCHER S A, RAZA A, DRÖGE F, et al. A dinuclear ruthenium(Ⅱ)phototherapeutic that targets duplex and quadruplex DNA[J]. Chemical Science, 2019, 10: 3502-3513. DOI:10.1039/c8sc05084h.
[22] XU L, ZHANG D, HUANG J, et al. High fluorescence selectivity and visual detection of G-quadruplex structures by a novel dinuclear ruthenium complex[J]. Chemical Communications, 2010, 46: 743-745. DOI:10.1039/b918045a.
[23] ZHAO H Q, XU X X, WANG S, et al. A dinuclear ruthenium(Ⅱ)complex as an inducer and potential luminescent switch-on probe for G-quadruplex DNA[J]. Transition Metal Chemistry, 2018, 43: 539-548. DOI:10.1007/s11243-018-0240-6.
[24] ZHANG Z, MEI W J, WU X H, et al. Synthesis and characterization of chiral ruthenium(Ⅱ)complexes Λ/Δ-[Ru(bpy)2(H2iip)] (ClO4)2 as stabilizers of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA[J]. Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2015, 68(8): 1465-1475. DOI:10.1080/00958972.2015.1014352.
[25] ZHANG Z, WU Q, WU X H, et al. Ruthenium(Ⅱ)complexes as apoptosis inducers by stabilizing c-myc G-quadruplex DNA[J]. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2014, 80: 316-324. DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.070.
[26] YU H J, YU L, HAO Z F, et al. Interactions of ruthenium complexes containing indoloquinoline moiety with human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2014, 124: 187-193. DOI:10.1016/j.saa.2013.12.096.
[27] SUN J, AN Y, ZHANG L, et al. Studies on synthesis, characterization, and G-quadruplex binding of Ru(Ⅱ)complexes containing two dppz ligands[J]. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2011, 105: 149-154. DOI:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.10.005.
[28] MARDANYA S, KARMAKAR S, MONDAL D, et al. Homo- and heterobimetallic ruthenium(Ⅱ)and osmium(Ⅱ)complexes based on a pyrene-biimidazolate spacer as efficient DNA-binding probes in the near-infrared domain[J]. Inorganic Chemistry, 2016, 55(7): 3475-3489. DOI:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02912.
[29] LIU D, LIU Y N, WANG C, et al. Polypyridyl complexes of ruthenium(Ⅱ): stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA and inhibition of telomerase activity[J]. Chem Plus Chem, 2012, 77(7): 551-562. DOI:10.1002/cplu.201200039.
[30] LIU Y, LIU Y N, YANG L C, et al. Stabilization for loop isomers of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA and anticancer activity by ruthenium complexes[J]. Med Chem Comm, 2014, 5(11): 1724-1728. DOI:10.1039/C4MD00201F.
[31] LU X H, SHI S, YAO J L, et al. Two structurally analogous ruthenium complexes as naked-eye and reversible molecular “light switch” for G-quadruplex DNA[J]. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2014, 140: 64-71. DOI:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.07.003.
[32] YAO J L, GAO X, SUN W L, et al. [Ru(bpy)2dppz-idzo] 2+: a colorimetric molecular “light switch” and powerful stabilizer for G-quadruplex DNA[J]. Dalton Transactions, 2013, 42(16): 5661-5672. DOI:10.1039/c3dt32640c.
[33] WU Q, CHEN T F, ZHANG Z, et al. Microwave-assisted synthesis of arene ruthenium(Ⅱ)complexes [(η6-RC6H5)Ru(m-MOPIP)Cl] Cl(R =-H and-CH3)as groove binder to c-myc G4 DNA[J]. Dalton Transactions, 2014, 43(24): 9216-9225. DOI:10.1039/c3dt53635a.
[34] WU Q, LIAO S Y, YU G N, et al. High-order self-assembly of G-quadruplex DNA: Nano-network formation under the guidance of arene ruthenium(Ⅱ)complexes[J]. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2018, 189: 81-90. DOI:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.09.010. (