Identification and characterization of surfactant production by Bacillus velezensis strain BvN7

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.006

Abstract

Abstract: To further explore the potential applications of microbial metabolites in crude oil recovery, this study focused on Bacillus velezensis BvN7, a strain isolated from oil-contaminated layer. Chromatography, methylene blue assay, and bromophenol blue method, revealed that the surfactants were anionic lipopeptide-type biosurfactants. By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyse the structure of biosurfactants, the results indicated that the main components of surfactants were iturin and surfactin, both of which are cyclic lipopeptides, and the content of iturin and surfactin was about 1∶25. The characteristics and stability of the biosurfactants were analyzed, and the results showed the critical micelle concentration of the biosurfactants was 30 mg/L, which could reduce the surface tension of water to 26.51 mN/m. They maintained good emulsifying performance and surface activity within the pH range of 5—11, temperature range of -20 to 100 ℃,- 引用格式:何梦腾,潘浩文,邓洪兴,等.基于点云多尺度方向一致性的羊只体尺测量方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):113-127.引用格式:宋雨轩,周沁雯,王睿,等.贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BvN7产表面活性剂的鉴定及特性［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(2):173-181.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.006贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BvN7产表面活性剂的鉴定及特性宋雨轩¹,周沁雯¹,王睿¹,余维初²,孙文秀¹(1.长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州 434025;2.长江大学化学与环境工程学院,湖北荆州 434025)摘要:为进一步探究微生物代谢产物在原油开采中的应用,本研究以油污土壤样品中分离获得的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)BvN7为研究对象,对其产生的表面活性剂进行了鉴定和特性研究.通过薄层层析、亚甲基蓝法和溴酚蓝法鉴定其表面活性剂为阴离子脂肽类.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和液相质谱联用分析表明,表面活性剂主要成分为环状脂肽伊枯草菌素(iturin)和表面活性素(surfactin),含量比约为1∶25.表面活性剂特性和稳定性分析结果表明,其临界胶束浓度为30 mg/L,可降低水的表面张力至26.51 mN/m,在pH 5~11、温度-20~100 ℃、盐度0%~10%内都保持较好的乳化性能及表面活性.岩心驱替实验表明,生物表面活性剂可提高原油采收率达15.95%.本研究为微生物采油技术在低渗透油田的应用提供了理论基础和实践依据.关键词:贝莱斯芽孢杆菌;产物鉴定;生物表面活性剂;石油采收率中图分类号:Q939.97;TE357 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)02-0173-09DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.02.006Identification and characterization of surfactant production by Bacillus velezensis strain BvN7SONG Yuxuan¹, ZHOU Qinwen¹, WANG Rui¹, YU Weichu², SUN Wenxiu¹(1. College of Life Science,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;2. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China)Abstract: To further explore the potential applications of microbial metabolites in crude oil recovery, this study focused on Bacillus velezensis BvN7, a strain isolated from oil-contaminated layer. Chromatography, methylene blue assay, and bromophenol blue method, revealed that the surfactants were anionic lipopeptide-type biosurfactants. By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyse the structure of biosurfactants, the results indicated that the main components of surfactants were iturin and surfactin, both of which are cyclic lipopeptides, and the content of iturin and surfactin was about 1∶25. The characteristics and stability of the biosurfactants were analyzed, and the results showed the critical micelle concentration of the biosurfactants was 30 mg/L, which could reduce the surface tension of water to 26.51 mN/m. They maintained good emulsifying performance and surface activity within the pH range of 5—11, temperature range of -20 to 100 ℃,- 收稿日期:2025-05-13;修回日期:2025-06-01 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52274029) 第一作者:宋雨轩(1999—),女,长江大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事环境微生物应用方向研究.E-mail:18272668155@163.com 通信作者:孙文秀(1979—),女,长江大学教授,主要从事微生物资源开发与利用方向研究.E-mail:wenxiusun@163.com余维初(1965—),男,长江大学教授,博士生导师,主要从事油气田化学应用方向研究.E-mail:yuweichu@126.com 第2期宋雨轩等:贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BvN7产表面活性剂的鉴定及特性河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷and salt concentration range of 0%—10%. Core displacement experiments demonstrate that the surfactants can increase the oil recovery rate by 15.95%. The research results have provided a theoretical basis and practical evidence for the application of microbial enhanced oil recovery technology in low-permeability oilfields.

Key words: Bacillus velezensis, product identification, biosurfactant, oil recovery rate

CLC Number:

SONG Yuxuan, ZHOU Qinwen, WANG Rui, YU Weichu, SUN Wenxiu. Identification and characterization of surfactant production by Bacillus velezensis strain BvN7[J]. Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 46(2): 173-181.

References

[1] 许晴.北极石油开发潜力及对世界石油供给格局的影响[D].上海:上海海洋大学, 2022.
[2] 汪卫东.微生物采油技术研究进展与发展趋势[J].油气地质与采收率, 2021, 28(2): 1-9. DOI:10.13673/j.cnki.cn37-1359/te.2021.02.001.
[3] 高配科,范克燕,高瑜.微生物提高油藏原油采收率进展[J].曲阜师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 50(2): 107-114. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5337.2024.2.107.
[4] Patel J, Borgohain S, Kumar M, et al. Recent developments in microbial enhanced oil recovery[J]. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 2015, 52: 1539-1558. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.135.
[5] 侯兆伟,李蔚,乐建君,等.大庆油田微生物采油技术研究及应用[J].油气地质与采收率, 2021, 28(2): 10-17. DOI:10.13673/j.cnki.cn37-1359/te.2021.02.002.
[6] 屈延莉,贺玉芳.微生物采油技术在七里村石油开采中的应用及前景分析[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量, 2025, 45(4): 193-195. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-4076.2025.04.065.
[7] Alvarez Yela A C, Tibaquirá Martínez M A, Rangel Piá eros G A, et al. A comparison between conventional Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipids and Escherichia coli transmembrane proteins for oil recovery enhancing[J]. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad, 2016, 112: 59-65. DOI:10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.04.033.
[8] 黄燕.脂肽类生物表面活性剂产生菌株筛选及产物特性研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学, 2023.
[9] 张亚倩.生物表面活性剂产生菌的筛选与发酵优化[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京), 2022.
[10] 张奕婷,徐晶雪,于波,等.一株产表面活性剂菌株的筛选、鉴定及培养基的响应面优化[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2021, 40(1): 103-109. DOI:10.19597/j.issn.1000-3754.201910037.
[11] Al-dhabi N A, Ali Esmail G, Valan Arasu M. Enhanced production of biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis strain Al-Dhabi-130 under solid-state fermentation using date molasses from Saudi Arabia for bioremediation of crude-oil-contaminated soils[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020, 17(22): 8446. DOI:10.3390/ijerph17228446.
[12] 母显杰.产表面活性剂油脂降解菌的筛选及性能研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学, 2021.
[13] 孔萌.产表面活性剂菌降解含油污泥的特性研究[D].常州:常州大学, 2021.
[14] Guergouri I, Guergouri M, Khouni S, et al. Identification of cultivable bacterial strains producing biosurfactants/bioemulsifiers isolated from an Algerian oil refinery[J]. Arch Microbiol, 2022, 204(10): 649. DOI:10.1007/s00203-022-03265-2.
[15] Durval I J B, Resende A H M, Figueiredo M A, et al. Studies on biosurfactants produced using Bacillus cereus isolated from seawater with biotechnological potential for marine oil-spill bioremediation[J]. J Surfactants Deterg, 2019, 22(2): 349-363. DOI:10.1002/jsde.12218.
[16] 荣哲,吕凯旋,王思佳,等.苏云金芽胞杆菌抗菌脂肽初步鉴定及抑菌活性测定[J].微生物学杂志, 2023, 43(1): 57-65. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-7021.2023.01.007.
[17] 梁丽琼,黄少莉,邵杭,等.水稻基腐病菌拮抗菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌E3菌株的鉴定及抑菌活性[J].华南农业大学学报, 2021, 42(4): 51-62. DOI:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202009039.
[18] Kong L L, Saar K L, Jacquat R, et al. Mechanism of biosurfactant adsorption to oil/water interfaces from millisecond scale tensiometry measurements[J]. Interface Focus, 2017, 7(6): 20170013. DOI:10.1098/rsfs.2017.0013.
[19] Saiyam D, Dubey A, Ahmad Malla M, et al. Lipopeptides from Bacillus: unveiling biotechnological prospects: sources, properties, and diverse applications[J]. Braz J Microbiol, 2024, 55(1): 281-295. DOI:10.1007/s42770-023-01228-3.
[20] Coutte F, Lecouturier D, Dimitrov K, et al. Microbial lipopeptide production and purification bioprocesses, current progress and future challenges[J]. Biotechnol J, 2017, 12(7): 1600566. DOI:10.1002/biot.201600566.
[21] Théatre A, Cano-prieto C, Bartolini M, et al. The surfactin-like lipopeptides from Bacillus spp. natural biodiversity and synthetic biology for a broader application range[J]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2021, 9: 623701. DOI:10.3389/fbioe.2021.623701.
[22] Caulier S, Nannan C, Gillis A, et al. Overview of the antimicrobial compounds produced by members of the Bacillus subtilis group[J]. Front Microbiol, 2019, 10: 302. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00302.
[23] 李光月,胡文锋,李雪玲.表面活性素的国内外研究进展[J].中国酿造, 2021, 40(2): 20-25. DOI:10.11882/j.issn.0254-5071.2021.02.005.
[24] Zhao H B, Shao D Y, Jiang C M, et al. Biological activity of lipopeptides from Bacillus[J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2017, 101(15): 5951-5960. DOI:10.1007/s00253-017-8396-0.
[25] Zhou H C, Chen J X, Yang Z, et al. Biosurfactant production and characterization of Bacillus sp. ZG0427 isolated from oil-contaminated soil[J]. Ann Microbiol, 2015, 65(4): 2255-2264. DOI:10.1007/s13213-015-1066-5.
[26] 张军,张良,汤伟,等.贝莱斯芽孢杆菌1-3产表面活性素的纯化、鉴定及表征[J].食品科学, 2023, 44(4): 177-184. DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20220326-326.
[27] Sarafzadeh P, Zeinolabedini Hezave A, Mohammadi S, et al. Modification of rock/fluid and fluid/fluid interfaces during MEOR processes, using two biosurfactant producing strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus SUCPM#14 and Enterobacter cloacae: a mechanistic study[J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2014, 117: 457-465. DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.002.
[28] Xiao M, Zhang Z Z, Wang J X, et al. Bacterial community diversity in a low-permeability oil reservoir and its potential for enhancing oil recovery[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2013, 147: 110-116. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.031.
[29] Liu Q, Niu J J, Yu Y, et al. Production, characterization and application of biosurfactant produced by Bacillus licheniformis L20 for microbial enhanced oil recovery[J]. J Clean Prod, 2021, 307: 127193. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127193. (