Influence of scour site seismic waveforms on the time-course response of large-diameter variable-section single pile

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.04.001

Abstract

Abstract: To investigate the time-history response of large-diameter variable-section single pile subjected to different seismic waves in scouring sites, vibration table tests were conducted to examine the time-history characteristics of pore pressure ratio in the pile foundation soil layer, pile body acceleration, horizontal displacement at pile top, and bending moment in the pile body. Results indicate that as scour depth increases from 0 cm to 12 cm, the onset time of pore pressure ratio growth exhibits a pre-effect. Acceleration along the pile shaft shows a non-linear, increasing distribution from pile base to pile top, peaking at the pile top. The acceleration response of the pile-soil system is influenced by seismic waveform, soil type, and pile foundation stiffness. During the initial phase of seismic motion, pile-head horizontal displacement increased gradually. It surged sharply once accumulated vibrational energy exceeded the elastic confinement limit of the surrounding soil, subsequently stabilising as energy dissipated. Under- 引用格式:冯忠居,于明威,张聪,等.冲刷场地地震波形对大直径变截面单桩时程响应的影响［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(4):337-348.引用格式:冯忠居,于明威,张聪,等.冲刷场地地震波形对大直径变截面单桩时程响应的影响［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(4):337-348.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.04.001冲刷场地地震波形对大直径变截面单桩时程响应的影响冯忠居¹,于明威¹,张聪¹,金熙宾²,王溪清¹,王富春¹(1.长安大学公路学院,陕西西安 710064;2.中国铁路西安局集团有限公司西安高铁基础设施段,陕西西安 710054)摘要:为探究冲刷场地在不同地震波作用下大直径变截面单桩的时程响应特性,通过振动台模型试验,研究了桩基础饱和砂土层孔压比、桩身加速度、桩顶水平位移及桩身弯矩的时程响应规律. 结果表明:随着冲刷深度由0 cm增加至12 cm,孔压比开始增长的时间表现出前置效应.桩身加速度沿纵向表现为由桩底向桩顶呈非线性递增分布,在桩顶处最大,桩-土体系的加速度响应受地震波形、土体类型及桩基刚度的影响. 地震动初期,桩顶水平位移增长缓慢,当振动能量累积至超出桩周土的弹性约束极限后急剧增大,之后随能量衰减逐渐趋于稳定. 在不同地震波作用下,各冲刷深度的桩身弯矩均随时间先增大后减小,并逐渐趋于稳定. 桩身弯矩峰值出现在饱和砂土层与强风化花岗岩层的交界面,变截面处的弯矩因截面刚度突变出现显著变化. 因此,大直径变截面单桩基础的抗震设计需重点强化土层分界面及变截面的抗弯性能. 关键词:桥梁工程;冲刷场地;振动台模型试验;单桩基础;时程响应中图分类号:U443.15 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)04-0337-12DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.04.001Influence of scour site seismic waveforms on the time-course response of large-diameter variable-section single pileFENG Zhongju¹, YU Mingwei¹, ZHANG Cong¹, JIN Xibin², WANG Xiqing¹, WANG Fuchun¹(1.School of Highway, Changan University, Xian 710064,China; 2.Xian High-Speed Rail Infrastructure Section,China Railway Xian Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Xian 710054,China)Abstract: To investigate the time-history response of large-diameter variable-section single pile subjected to different seismic waves in scouring sites, vibration table tests were conducted to examine the time-history characteristics of pore pressure ratio in the pile foundation soil layer, pile body acceleration, horizontal displacement at pile top, and bending moment in the pile body. Results indicate that as scour depth increases from 0 cm to 12 cm, the onset time of pore pressure ratio growth exhibits a pre-effect. Acceleration along the pile shaft shows a non-linear, increasing distribution from pile base to pile top, peaking at the pile top. The acceleration response of the pile-soil system is influenced by seismic waveform, soil type, and pile foundation stiffness. During the initial phase of seismic motion, pile-head horizontal displacement increased gradually. It surged sharply once accumulated vibrational energy exceeded the elastic confinement limit of the surrounding soil, subsequently stabilising as energy dissipated. Under- 收稿日期:2025-08-21;修回日期:2026-03-13 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52378322);陕西省科学技术协会青年人才托举计划项目(20250461);福建省交通科技攻关项目(202105);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102215110) 第一作者:冯忠居(1965—),男,长安大学教授,博士生导师,主要从事公路岩土工程方向研究. E-mail:ysf@gl.chd.edu.cn 通信作者:张聪(1994—),男,长安大学讲师,博士,主要从事桥梁深基础工程方向研究. E-mail:chdzc@chd.edu.cn 第4期冯忠居等:冲刷场地地震波形对大直径变截面单桩时程响应的影响河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷different seismic wave actions, pile-body bending moments at various scour depths initially increased, then decreased over time before stabilising. The peak bending moment occurs at the interface between saturated sand and strongly weathered granite. At variable cross-sections, bending moments exhibit significant variations due to abrupt changes in sectional stiffness. Consequently, seismic design for large-diameter variable-section single pile foundations must prioritise enhancing the flexural capacity at soil interface zones and variable cross-sections.

Key words: bridge engineering, scour sites, shaker tests, single pile, time-course response

CLC Number:

U443.15

FENG Zhongju, YU Mingwei, ZHANG Cong, JIN Xibin, WANG Xiqing, WANG Fuchun. Influence of scour site seismic waveforms on the time-course response of large-diameter variable-section single pile[J]. Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 46(4): 337-348.

References

[1] 冯忠居,张亮,张聪,等.地震作用下变截面钢管混凝土单桩动力响应[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 44(2): 122-130. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2024.02.002.
[2] Cheng X L, Li M L, Ma C, et al. Dynamic analysis of tripod pile foundation in clays for offshore wind turbines[J]. Ocean Eng, 2023, 287: 115832. DOI:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115832.
[3] Pradhan M K, Kumar P, Phanikanth V S, et al. A review on design aspects and behavioral studies of pile foundations in liquefiable soil[J]. Geomech Geoengin, 2023, 18(5): 347-379. DOI:10.1080/17486025.2022.2052193.
[4] Dong Y X, Feng Z J, He J B, et al. Seismic response of a bridge pile foundation during a shaking table test[J]. Shock Vib, 2019, 2019: 9726013. DOI:10.1155/2019/9726013.
[5] 崔冰,王景全,刘加平.UHPC桥梁研究进展与规模化应用技术路径分析[J].中国公路学报, 2023, 36(9): 1-19. DOI:10.19721/j.cnki.1001-7372.2023.09.001.
[6] 韦旺,邵长江,袁得铮,等.强震区桥梁抗震挡块强度退化模型及其应用[J].中国公路学报, 2024, 37(7): 179-188. DOI:10.19721/j.cnki.1001-7372.2024.07.015.
[7] 宗周红,林元铮,林津,等.跨断层地震动及其对桥梁结构影响研究进展[J].中国公路学报, 2023, 36(1): 80-96. DOI:10.19721/j.cnki.1001-7372.2023.01.008.
[8] 王佐才,丁雅杰,戈壁,等.桥梁结构非线性模型修正研究综述[J].交通运输工程学报, 2022, 22(2): 59-75. DOI:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.004.
[9] 许成顺,豆鹏飞,杜修力,等.液化场地-群桩基础-结构体系动力响应分析:大型振动台模型试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(12): 2173-2181. DOI:10.11779/CJGE201912001.
[10] Man X F, Tang L, Jia X J, et al. Seismic response and failure modes analysis of pile foundations in liquefiable soils using various design criteria[J]. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 2023, 174: 108215. DOI:10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108215.
[11] Xu C S, Dou P F, Du X L, et al. Large shaking table tests of pile-supported structures in different ground conditions[J]. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 2020, 139: 106307. DOI:10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106307.
[12] 冯忠居,金熙宾,张聪,等.液化土层厚度差异下大直径变截面单桩基础振动台试验[J].土木工程学报, 2024, 57(11): 92-105. DOI:10.15951/j.tmgcxb.23050395.
[13] 冯忠居,李玉婷,赵瑞欣,等.可液化场地变截面群桩基础动力响应研究[J].科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(18): 7886-7894.
[14] 冯忠居,王逸然,张俊波,等.地震作用下液化场地变截面桩与等截面桩的动力响应对比分析[J].世界地震工程, 2022, 38(3): 59-69. DOI:10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2022.0057.
[15] 冯忠居,孟莹莹,张聪,等.强震作用下液化场地群桩动力响应及p-y曲线[J].岩土力学, 2022, 43(5): 1289-1298. DOI:10.16285/j.rsm.2021.1447.
[16] 冯忠居,孟莹莹,董芸秀,等.强震作用下液化场地桩-土非线性动力相互作用特性[J].科学技术与工程, 2021, 21(17): 7299-7307.
[17] 冯忠居,张聪,何静斌,等.强震作用下群桩基础抗液化性能的振动台试验[J].交通运输工程学报, 2021, 21(4): 72-83. DOI:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.04.004.
[18] 商宇,叶爱君,王晓伟.冲刷条件下的桩基桥梁振动台试验[J].中国公路学报, 2017, 30(12): 280-289. DOI:10.19721/j.cnki.1001-7372.2017.12.030.
[19] 雷虎军,陈奕涵,朱广平.地震诱发沙土液化对高速铁路车桥系统动力响应的影响分析[J].振动与冲击, 2022, 41(13): 195-203. DOI:10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2022.13.025.
[20] 李雨润,闫志晓,张健.液化场地群桩基础地震反应离心机试验及损伤数值模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2023, 42(1): 212-223. DOI:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.1000.
[21] 贾科敏,许成顺,杜修力,等.液化侧向扩展场地-群桩基础-结构体系地震破坏反应大型振动台试验方案设计[J].工程力学, 2023, 40(7): 121-136. DOI:10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2021.11.0922.
[22] 张恒源,钱德玲,沈超,等.水平和竖向地震作用下液化场地群桩基础动力响应试验研究[J].岩土力学, 2020, 41(3): 905-914. DOI:10.16285/j.rsm.2019.0306.
[23] 袁晓铭,李雨润,孙锐.地面横向往返运动下可液化土层中桩基响应机理[J].土木工程学报, 2008, 41(9): 103-110. DOI:10.15951/j.tmgcxb.2008.09.016.
[24] Su L, Tang L, Ling X Z,et al.Responses of reinforced concrete pile group in two-layered liquefied soils: shake-table investigations [J].J Zhejiang Univ Sci A, 2015, 16(2): 93-104. DOI:10.1631/jzus.A1400093.
[25] 唐亮,凌贤长,艾哈迈德·艾格玛.液化侧向流动场地桩基动力反应振动台试验三维有限元数值模拟方法[J].土木工程学报, 2013, 46(增刊1): 180-184. DOI:10.15951/j.tmgcxb.2013.s1.044.
[26] 张鑫磊,王志华,许振巍,等.土体液化大位移条件下群桩动力反应振动台模型试验[J].工程力学, 2016, 33(5): 150-156.. DOI:10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2014.09.0828.
[27] 苏卓林,贾科敏,许成顺,等.双向地震作用对可液化倾斜场地-桩基-结构地震响应的影响研究[J].建筑结构学报, 2023, 44(7): 15-26. DOI:10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2022.0098.
[28] 闫志晓,李雨润,张健.饱和砂土中直群桩及土体地震动力响应特征研究[J].振动与冲击, 2020, 39(18): 44-53. DOI:10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2020.18.006.
[29] 冯忠居,李德,张聪,等.地震作用下液化场地大直径变截面单桩基础动力响应特性[J].工程科学与技术, 2025, 57(5): 237-247.
[30] 李延涛,田野,宗金辉.多维地震下考虑地表建筑的土和隧道的振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(7): 1453-1465. DOI:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0752.
[31] Butterfield R. Dimensional analysis for geotechnical engineers[J]. Géotechnique, 1999, 49(3): 357-366. DOI:10.1680/geot.1999.49.3.357.
[32] Chen Y, Lv Y, Wu K, et al. Centrifuge shaking table study on the hydrodynamic effects on a pile foundation bridge pier in soft soil under earthquakes[J]. Mar Struct, 2022, 85: 103261. DOI:10.1016/j.marstruc.2022.103261.
[33] Zhang H, Zheng H B, Wang C, et al. Coupled effects of long-term cyclic loading and scour on the mechanical responses of monopile-supported offshore wind turbines[J]. Ocean Eng, 2022, 265: 112556. DOI:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112556.
[34] Sun L M, Xie W. Evaluation of pile-soil-structure interaction effects on the seismic responses of a super long-span cable-stayed bridge in the transverse direction: a shaking table investigation[J]. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 2019, 125: 105755. DOI:10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105755. (