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25 May 2026, Volume 46 Issue 3

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Parameter optimization design and experiment of the feed-pushing robot in dairy farms based on EDEM

ZHANG Wenkai, YANG Shuming, MA Yonglong, LI Maoqiang,MA Chi, YAN Minghong, TIAN Shiyu

2026, 46(3):  225-236.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.001

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To address the issue of low cleaning rate caused by the deposition of dry matter in feed during the feeding operation in dairy farms, this paper proposes a novel pusher structure featuring a “self-rotating drum, forward-leaning posture, and flexible cleaning”. A simulation model of the “roller brush, feed, and ground” system was established using the discrete element method(DEM). A multi-component- 引用格式:张文恺,杨术明,马永龙,等.基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):225-236.引用格式:张文恺,杨术明,马永龙,等.基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):225-236.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.001基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验张文恺¹,杨术明¹,马永龙²,李茂强²,马驰¹,颜铭宏¹,田世玉¹(1.宁夏大学 机械工程学院,宁夏 银川 750021;2.北方民族大学 机电工程学院,宁夏 银川 750021)摘 要:为解决牧场推料作业中饲料干物质沉积导致推净率低的问题,本文提出一种“自转滚筒、前倾姿态、柔性清扫”的推料机结构.采用离散元法(discrete element method,DEM)建立“滚筒毛刷、饲料、地面”的仿真模型;依据现场实测饲料截面尺寸与休止角构建多组分等效颗粒库,并在工程DEM(engineering DEM,EDEM)中完成几何与物性建模.以机器人前进速度、姿态倾角与滚筒转速为优化参数,以推送效率与推净率为评价指标.根据仿真结果采用三因素五水平中心复合设计(central composite design,CCD)开展响应面试验,并进行数据处理与回归分析,对优化结果进行试验验证.仿真结果显示,所建立模型对2项响应指标均极显著,失拟不显著;主效应分析中,前进速度的影响最显著;姿态倾角与滚筒转速对推送效率亦表现出显著影响.综合优化得到:当机器人前进速度、姿态倾角、滚筒转速分别为0.55 m/s、2.78°、29 r/min时,对应的推送效率与推净率仿真值分别为891 kg/min和98.0%,且与现场实测值的相对误差分别为2.36%与2.86%.本文验证了推料机结构的合理性,为精料残留清扫与推料作业标准化提供了工程化路径.关键词:牧场;推料机器人;参数优化;EDEM;响应面分析中图分类号:TP242.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)03-0225-12DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.001Parameter optimization design and experiment of the feed-pushing robot in dairy farms based on EDEMZHANG Wenkai¹, YANG Shuming¹, MA Yonglong², LI Maoqiang²,MA Chi¹, YAN Minghong¹, TIAN Shiyu¹(1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China)Abstract: To address the issue of low cleaning rate caused by the deposition of dry matter in feed during the feeding operation in dairy farms, this paper proposes a novel pusher structure featuring a “self-rotating drum, forward-leaning posture, and flexible cleaning”. A simulation model of the “roller brush, feed, and ground” system was established using the discrete element method(DEM). A multi-component- 收稿日期:2025-12-01;修回日期:2025-12-28 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(32260433);宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2024BBF02029) 第一作者:张文恺(1998—),男,宁夏大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事智能化农牧装备方向研究.E-mail:1562616569@qq.com 通信作者:杨术明(1974—),男,宁夏大学教授,主要从事智能化农牧装备方向研究.E-mail:shmyang@nxu.edu.cn 第3期张文恺等:基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷equivalent particle library was constructed based on the measured cross-sectional dimensions and repose angles of the feed, and geometric and physical property modeling was completed in engineering DEM(EDEM). The forward speed, the attitude inclination angle, and the drum rotation speed of the robot were selected as optimization parameters, while the push efficiency and the clean push rate served as evaluation indicators. Based on the simulation results, a three-factor five-level response surface experiment based on central composite design(CCD)was designed, followed by data processing and regression analysis. The optimization results were experimentally validated. The simulation results indicate that the established model is highly significant for both responses, with no significant underfitting. Among the main effects, forward speed exhibits the most prominent influence, and both attitude inclination angle and drum rotation speed also show a significant impact on the push efficiency. The comprehensive optimization results show that when the robots forward speed, attitude inclination angle, and drum rotation speed are 0.55 m/s, 2.78°, and 29 r/min, respectively, the corresponding simulation values of push efficiency and clean push rate are 891 kg/min and 98.0%, respectively. The relative errors compared with the on-site measured values are 2.36% and 2.86%, respectively. This study verifies the rationality of the pusher mechanism and provides an engineering pathway for the cleaning of residual materials and the standardization of the pusher.

Real-time behavior classification model of postpartum cows and calves based on improved RTDETR algorithm

GU Luhui, YAO Yao, LI Jiazhou, DENG Yifan, PENG Yingqi

2026, 46(3):  237-248.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.002

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At present, behavior classification based on computer vision has become an important technology for animal behavior monitoring. This study developed a behavioral classification model for postpartum cows and calves based on the improved RTDETR(real-time detection transformer)algorithm. To efficiently capture both global information and local features from cow and calf images, a frequency-adaptive dilated convolution(FADC)module was integrated into the final layer of the backbone network in the RTDETR-r18 model, and the attention-based intra-scale feature interaction(AIFI)module in the hybrid encoder was replaced with a HiLo attention module. The proposed and other models were trained- 引用格式:张文恺,杨术明,马永龙,等.基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):225-236.引用格式:顾禄辉,姚瑶,李佳舟,等.基于改进RTDETR算法的产后母牛与犊牛行为实时分类模型［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):237-248.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.002基于改进RTDETR算法的产后母牛与犊牛行为实时分类模型顾禄辉,姚瑶,李佳舟,邓依凡,彭英琦(四川农业大学 机电学院,四川 雅安 625014)摘 要:基于计算机视觉的行为分类已成为动物行为监测的重要技术.本文基于改进的RTDETR(real-time detection transformer)算法,构建了一种产后母牛与犊牛的行为分类模型.通过在RTDETR-r18模型骨架网络的最后一层引入频率自适应空洞卷积(frequency-adaptive dilated convolution,FADC)模块,并将混合编码层中基于注意力的同尺度特征交互(attention-based intra-scale feature interaction,AIFI)模块替换为高低频注意力(HiLo attention)模块,以增强模型对母牛和犊牛图像全局信息与局部特征的高效捕捉能力.将所提出模型与其他模型在相同的产后母牛与犊牛行为数据集上进行训练与比较,结果表明:改进RTDETR模型的总体精确率为97.3%,召回率为96.2%,均高于其他对比模型;与基线RTDETR-r18模型相比,改进RTDETR模型的精确率和召回率分别提升0.9和0.6个百分点.改进RTDETR模型在产后母牛与犊牛的行为分类任务中表现优异,可为提升养殖场管理效率提供新方法.关键词:产后母牛;犊牛;行为分类;改进RTDETR模型中图分类号:TP391.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)03-0237-12DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.002Real-time behavior classification model of postpartum cows and calves based on improved RTDETR algorithmGU Luhui, YAO Yao, LI Jiazhou, DENG Yifan, PENG Yingqi(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China)Abstract: At present, behavior classification based on computer vision has become an important technology for animal behavior monitoring. This study developed a behavioral classification model for postpartum cows and calves based on the improved RTDETR(real-time detection transformer)algorithm. To efficiently capture both global information and local features from cow and calf images, a frequency-adaptive dilated convolution(FADC)module was integrated into the final layer of the backbone network in the RTDETR-r18 model, and the attention-based intra-scale feature interaction(AIFI)module in the hybrid encoder was replaced with a HiLo attention module. The proposed and other models were trained- 收稿日期:2025-12-17;修回日期:2026-01-15 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(32402826) 第一作者:顾禄辉(2000—),男,四川农业大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事动物行为与检测方向研究.E-mail: 2023217016@stu.sicau.edu.cn 通信作者:彭英琦(1991—),女,四川农业大学副教授,主要从事生物传感器、大数据挖掘与分析、动物行为与检测方向研究.E-mail: pengyingqi@sicau.edu.cn 第3期顾禄辉等:基于改进RTDETR算法的产后母牛与犊牛行为实时分类模型河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷on the same dataset of postpartum cow and calf behaviors. The results showed that the improved RTDETR model achieved an overall precision of 97.3% and a recall of 96.2%, both surpassing those of other models. Compared with the baseline RTDETR-r18 model, the precision and recall of the improved RTDETR model increased by 0.9 and 0.6 percentage points, respectively. The improved RTDETR model demonstrates exceptional performance in behavioral classification of postpartum cows and calves, offering an effective method to enhance livestock farm management efficiency.

VDD-YOLOv9-segm: An intelligent detection method for vehicle damage

ZHAI Yongjie, SONG Jiache, CHEN Nianhao, WANG Qianming, LIU Jinlong

2026, 46(3):  249-263.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.003

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To address the issues of missed detection and false detection caused by insufficient feature extraction and category imbalance in the vehicle damage model, this paper proposes a model for the vehicle damage detection task(vehicle damage detection-YOLOv9-segm, VDD-YOLOv9-segm). Firstly, in order to effectively capture the long-range dependencies between feature maps and learn the importance weights of - 引用格式:张文恺,杨术明,马永龙,等.基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):225-236.引用格式:翟永杰,宋佳车,陈年昊,等.VDD-YOLOv9-segm:一种面向车辆损伤的智能检测方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):249-263.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.003VDD-YOLOv9-segm:一种面向车辆损伤的智能检测方法翟永杰¹,宋佳车¹,陈年昊²,王乾铭¹,刘金龙³(1.华北电力大学 控制与计算机工程学院,河北 保定 071003;2.华南理工大学 电力学院,广东 广州 510640;3.邦邦汽车销售服务有限公司,北京 100032)摘 要:针对车辆损伤检测模型中特征提取不足和类别不平衡导致的漏检和误检问题,本文提出了一种面向车辆损伤检测的模型(vehicle damage detection-YOLOv9-segm,VDD-YOLOv9-segm).首先,为有效捕捉特征图间的长程依赖并学习目标类别各特征通道的重要性权重,设计了一种由2个互补的并行子网络组成的双路径结构单元(multi-head squeeze-and-excitation network,MHSENet),并将其嵌入多卷积框架中,以提升模型的特征提取、表达和泛化能力.其次,为了缓解类别间的样本不平衡问题,引入WIoU(Wise Intersection over Union)损失函数替换传统的CIoU损失函数,从而能够有效地衡量模型预测结果和真实标注结果之间的相似度,使模型更好地关注困难样本,提高模型的检测性能.基于自建的10类车辆损伤数据集进行实验,结果表明,所提模型在总体检测和分割效果上均优于其他先进实例分割模型.相较于基线模型,目标框检测精确率提高了3.3个百分点,掩码检测精确率提高了4.3个百分点.消融实验进一步证实了本文模型各模块均对检测效果有显著提升.综合利用MHSENet和WIoU的优势,本文提出的模型有效解决了车辆损伤检测中特征提取不足和类别不平衡导致的漏检、误检问题,显著提升了损伤类别的检测精度.关键词:车辆损伤;实例分割;注意力机制;交并比;骨干网络中图分类号:TN911.73 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)03-0249-15DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.003 VDD-YOLOv9-segm: An intelligent detection method for vehicle damageZHAI Yongjie¹, SONG Jiache¹, CHEN Nianhao², WANG Qianming¹, LIU Jinlong³(1. School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; 2. School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; 3. Bangbang Automobile Sales and Service Co., Ltd., Beijing 100032, China)Abstract: To address the issues of missed detection and false detection caused by insufficient feature extraction and category imbalance in the vehicle damage model, this paper proposes a model for the vehicle damage detection task(vehicle damage detection-YOLOv9-segm, VDD-YOLOv9-segm). Firstly, in order to effectively capture the long-range dependencies between feature maps and learn the importance weights of - 收稿日期:2025-06-09;修回日期:2025-11-04 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(62373151);河北省自然科学基金面上项目(F2023502010);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023JC006;2024MS136) 第一作者:翟永杰(1972—),男,华北电力大学教授,主要从事电力计算机视觉方向研究. E-mail:zhaiyongjie@ncepu.edu.cn 通信作者:陈年昊(1998—),男,华南理工大学在读博士研究生,主要从事电力工程与计算机视觉方向研究. E-mail:815173055@qq.com 第3期翟永杰等:VDD-YOLOv9-segm:一种面向车辆损伤的智能检测方法河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷each feature channel of the target category, a dual-path structure unit(multi-head squeeze-and-excitation network, MHSENet)composed of two complementary parallel subnetworks is designed. And it is embedded in the multi-convolution framework to enhance the feature extraction, expression and generalization capabilities of the model. Secondly, in order to alleviate the sample imbalance problem among categories, the Wise Intersection over Union(WIoU)loss is introduced to replace the original traditional Complete Intersection over Union(CIoU)loss, thereby effectively measuring the similarity between the models predicted results and the real labeled results, enabling the model to better focus on difficult samples and improving the detection performance of the model. The experiment was conducted on a self-built dataset of 10 types of vehicle damage. The comparative experimental results show that the proposed model is superior to other advanced instance segmentation models in both overall detection and segmentation effects. Compared with the baseline model, the precision of the target box has increased by 3.3 percentage points, and the precision of segmentation has increased by 4.3 percentage points. The ablation experiments further confirmed that each module of this paper significantly improved the detection effect. By comprehensively utilizing the advantages of MHSENet and WIoU, the model proposed in this paper effectively solves the problems of missed detection and false detection caused by insufficient feature extraction and category imbalance in vehicle damage detection, and significantly improves the detection accuracy of damage categories.

Control system evaluation and PID parameter optimization method based on modified Hurst index

LI Shizhe, ZHANG Tianyu, LIU Chang, LIU Shuai

2026, 46(3):  264-270.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.004

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To improve the performance of PID control systems in industrial processes, a method for optimizing PID controller parameters based on a modified Hurst exponent is proposed. First, the calculation method of the Hurst exponent is modified according to the Hurst index and the minimum variance index, and performance evaluation levels are assigned. Then, for control systems that fail to meet the evaluation criteria, model-based genetic algorithms and data-driven virtual reference feedback tuning methods are used to optimize the PID controller parameters. Finally, simulations in MATLAB/Simulink- 引用格式:张文恺,杨术明,马永龙,等.基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):225-236.引用格式:李士哲,张天宇,刘畅,等.基于修正Hurst指数的控制系统评价及PID参数优化方法［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):264-270.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.004基于修正Hurst指数的控制系统评价及PID参数优化方法李士哲¹,张天宇¹,刘畅¹,刘帅²(1.华北电力大学 自动化系,河北 保定 071003;2.河北省发电过程仿真与优化控制技术创新中心,河北 保定 071003)摘 要:为了提升工业过程中PID控制系统的性能,提出一种基于修正Hurst指数的PID控制器参数优化方法.首先,根据Hurst指数与最小方差指标修正了Hurst指标的计算方式,划分了性能评价等级;其次,针对评价结果未达标的控制系统,分别采用基于模型的遗传算法和基于数据驱动的虚拟参考反馈整定方法进行参数优化整定;最后,通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证.仿真结果表明,修正的Hurst指标能够准确评估控制系统的性能,遗传算法和虚拟参考反馈整定方法均能改善PID参数,提高系统控制品质.关键词:Hurst指数;性能评价;遗传算法;虚拟参考反馈整定中图分类号:TP273 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)03-0264-07DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.004Control system evaluation and PID parameter optimization method based on modified Hurst indexLI Shizhe¹, ZHANG Tianyu¹, LIU Chang¹, LIU Shuai²(1. Department of Automation, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; 2. Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Simulation & Optimized Control for Power Generation, Baoding 071003, China)Abstract: To improve the performance of PID control systems in industrial processes, a method for optimizing PID controller parameters based on a modified Hurst exponent is proposed. First, the calculation method of the Hurst exponent is modified according to the Hurst index and the minimum variance index, and performance evaluation levels are assigned. Then, for control systems that fail to meet the evaluation criteria, model-based genetic algorithms and data-driven virtual reference feedback tuning methods are used to optimize the PID controller parameters. Finally, simulations in MATLAB/Simulink- 收稿日期:2024-07-26;修回日期:2025-11-04 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(61973117);华北电力大学中央高校基本科研业务项目(9160323007);河北省科技计划项目(22567643H);深圳市可持续发展科技专项项目(KCXFZ20201221173402007) 第一作者:李士哲(1981—),男,华北电力大学副教授,主要从事控制系统的性能评价及诊断、大数据可视化等方向研究.E-mail:lishizhe121@163.com 通信作者:张天宇(2001—),男,华北电力大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事控制系统性能评价及优化方向研究.E-mail:1842129705@qq.com 第3期李士哲等:基于修正Hurst指数的控制系统评价及PID参数优化方法河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷validate the results. Simulation results show that the modified Hurst exponent can accurately evaluate the performance of the control system, and both the genetic algorithm and the virtual reference feedback tuning method can improve the PID parameters and enhance the systems control quality.

Effect of Ar gas and He-Ar gas mixture on the optical and electrical characteristics of a needle-plate DBD at atmospheric pressure

HOU Jiaxun, FAN Zhihui, SHAN Ruikang, WANG Weiwei, LIU Feng

2026, 46(3):  271-277.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.005

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In the dielectric barrier discharge(DBD), changes in the working gas lead to corresponding variations in the optical and electrical characteristics of the plasma. This study systematically investigates the effects of Ar gas and He-Ar gas mixture on the optical and electrical characteristics of plasma using an atmospheric-pressure needle-plate DBD device. Experimental results indicate that when the Ar gas is used as the working gas, the needle-plate DBD exhibits higher discharge intensities and brighter discharge images.- 引用格式:张文恺,杨术明,马永龙,等.基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):225-236.引用格式:侯佳讯,樊智慧,单瑞康,等.氩/氦氩混合气体对大气压针-板DBD光电特性的影响［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):271-277.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.005氩/氦氩混合气体对大气压针-板DBD光电特性的影响侯佳讯,樊智慧,单瑞康,王伟伟,刘峰(河北工程大学 数理科学与工程学院,河北省计算光学成像与光电检测技术创新中心,河北省计算光学成像与智能感测国际联合研究中心,河北 邯郸 056038)摘 要:在介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge, DBD)中,工作气体改变会导致放电产生的等离子体光电特性随之变化.本文采用大气压针-板DBD装置,系统研究了氩气和氦氩混合气体对等离子体光电特性的影响.实验结果表明:当采用氩气作为工作气体时,针-板DBD表现出更高的放电强度,放电通道的发光强度更高.在相同外加电压下,氩气条件下的放电峰值电流显著高于氦氩混合气体条件下的放电峰值电流.同时,氩气放电的外加功率和分子转动温度均略高于混合气体,因而更适用于刻蚀等有高能放电需求的工业应用.相比之下,在氦氩混合气体条件下,放电形态更为均匀,分子振动温度较高,而分子转动温度相对较低,表明其更适合于材料表面改性等对温度敏感的工业应用.关键词:介质阻挡放电;外加功率;分子振动温度;分子转动温度中图分类号:O461.2;O433.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)03-0271-07DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.005Effect of Ar gas and He-Ar gas mixture on the optical and electrical characteristics of a needle-plate DBD at atmospheric pressureHOU Jiaxun, FAN Zhihui, SHAN Ruikang, WANG Weiwei, LIU Feng(Hebei Computational Optical Imaging and Photoelectric Detection Technology Innovation Center, Hebei International Joint Research Center for Computational Optical Imaging and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mathematics and Physics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China)Abstract: In the dielectric barrier discharge(DBD), changes in the working gas lead to corresponding variations in the optical and electrical characteristics of the plasma. This study systematically investigates the effects of Ar gas and He-Ar gas mixture on the optical and electrical characteristics of plasma using an atmospheric-pressure needle-plate DBD device. Experimental results indicate that when the Ar gas is used as the working gas, the needle-plate DBD exhibits higher discharge intensities and brighter discharge images.- 收稿日期:2025-10-16;修回日期:2025-12-03 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(11505045);河北省自然科学基金项目(A2012402002);邯郸市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(21422111227) 第一作者:侯佳讯(2001—),男,河北工程大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事等离子体放电特性方向研究.E-mail:859524939@qq.com 通信作者:王伟伟(1979— ),女,河北工程大学副教授,主要从事等离子体及其应用方向研究. E-mail:wangweiwei@hebeu.edu.cn 第3期侯佳讯等:氩/氦氩混合气体对大气压针-板DBD光电特性的影响河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷At the same applied voltage, the peak current of discharge under the Ar gas condition is significantly higher than that under the He-Ar gas mixture condition. Meanwhile, the applied power and molecular rotational temperature in the Ar gas are slightly higher than those in the He-Ar gas mixture, making it more suitable for industrial applications requiring high-energy discharges, such as etching. In contrast, under the He-Ar gas mixture condition, the discharge exhibits the more uniform morphology, with the higher molecular vibrational temperature and the relatively lower rotational temperature, indicating that this configuration is more appropriate for temperature-sensitive industrial processes, such as material surface modification.

Temperature stress accelerated life test of LED bulbs and verification of test results

WU Deqi, MA Li, CHU Xiaoxing, ZHAO Nannan, ZHAO Pengxi

2026, 46(3):  278-287.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.006

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In order to accelerate the assessment of the expected lifespan of LED bulbs, the temperature stress accelerated life test process of LED light sources, which based on the Arrhenius e index model and the Weibull lifespan calculation model, was elaborately presented in tabular form in this paper, and the rationality and reliability of the test results were verified by using the method of linear fitting. The experimental results are in good agreement with the expected effects. Therefore, the accelerated life calculation method and verification means introduced in this paper have significant guiding significance for the assessment of the accelerated life of LED light sources.

Research and application of machine learning and index evaluation method in water quality evaluation

LI Yankun, HU Chunyang, JIANG Chenshuai, ZENG Yicheng, LIANG Xuyang

2026, 46(3):  288-298.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.007

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In water quality monitoring, the characteristic analysis and evaluation of water quality are of great significance. To overcome the limitations of the water quality index evaluation method, which are difficult to accurately and comprehensively reflect the comprehensive status of water quality, machine learning has been introduced in recent years and has been more and more widely used in the indicator prediction and evaluation of water quality. Machine learning provides a more scientific and efficient means for water quality evaluation by integrating multi-source and multi-index water data and mining the complex linear or nonlinear relationship between water quality factors and water quality. This article first summarized- 引用格式:张文恺,杨术明,马永龙,等.基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):225-236.引用格式:李艳坤,胡春阳,蒋晨帅,等.水质评价中机器学习与指数评价法的研究与应用［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):288-298.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.007水质评价中机器学习与指数评价法的研究与应用李艳坤¹,胡春阳¹,蒋晨帅²,曾祎程¹,梁旭阳¹(1.华北电力大学 环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003;2.白洋淀流域生态环境监测中心,河北 保定 071500)摘 要:在水质监测中,水质特征分析与评价具有重要意义.为克服水质指数评价法难以精确、全面反映水质综合状况等局限性,近年来机器学习被引入,并广泛地应用于水质指标的预测和评价中.机器学习通过融合多源多指标水体数据、挖掘水质各因子与水质之间复杂的线性或非线性关系,为水质评价提供了更科学、高效的手段.本文首先总结了单因子指数法等水质指数评价法的原理、特点及其应用现状.综述了随机森林、神经网络等机器学习算法及其结合光谱构建的分析模型在水质评价中的具体应用,深入分析了各类方法用于水质评价的原理、特点与适用场景;介绍了水质指数评价法和机器学习算法联用在水质检测与评价中的应用;提出应用机器学习技术时所存在的问题及相应解决措施.旨在为基于机器学习、光谱分析模型的水质评价提供理论参考和实践借鉴,藉以推动水质检测、评价与预测的研究和应用发展.关键词:水质评价;水质指标;机器学习;深度学习;光谱模型;指数评价法中图分类号:X832 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)03-0288-11DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.007Research and application of machine learning and index evaluation method in water quality evaluationLI Yankun¹, HU Chunyang¹, JIANG Chenshuai², ZENG Yicheng¹, LIANG Xuyang¹(1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003, China; 2. Baiyangdian Basin Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Baoding 071500, China)Abstract: In water quality monitoring, the characteristic analysis and evaluation of water quality are of great significance. To overcome the limitations of the water quality index evaluation method, which are difficult to accurately and comprehensively reflect the comprehensive status of water quality, machine learning has been introduced in recent years and has been more and more widely used in the indicator prediction and evaluation of water quality. Machine learning provides a more scientific and efficient means for water quality evaluation by integrating multi-source and multi-index water data and mining the complex linear or nonlinear relationship between water quality factors and water quality. This article first summarized- 收稿日期:2025-05-21;修回日期:2025-09-04 基金项目:国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X2024103) 第一作者:李艳坤(1977—),女,华北电力大学副教授,主要从事化学计量学、环境分析化学方向研究.E-mail:liyankun_ncepu@foxmail.com 第3期李艳坤等:水质评价中机器学习与指数评价法的研究与应用河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷the principles, characteristics and current application status of water quality index evaluation methods such as Single Factor Index method. It reviewed the specific applications of machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest and Neural Network, and specific applications of analysis model constructed by machine learning algorithms and spectra data in water quality evaluation. It deeply analyzed the principles, characteristics and application scenarios of various methods for water quality evaluation. It also introduced the joint application of water quality index evaluation methods and machine learning algorithms in water quality detection and evaluation. The problems and solutions in the application of machine learning technology were also proposed. The aim is to provide theoretical references and practical references for water quality evaluation based on machine learning and spectral analysis model to promote the research and application development of water quality detection, evaluation and prediction.

Effects of environmental factors on microbial carbonate precipitation induced by native bacteria enriched from aeolian sand

WANG Liya, LI Guangcan, AN Yancang, ZHANG Zichuang, LI Mengyan, GAO Yunqi

2026, 46(3):  299-309.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.008

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Microbial induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)is an emerging process that can be used to enhancewind erosion resistance of aeolian sands by cementing the grains. However, microbes,especially for the single foreignstrains, like Sporosarcinapasteurii,are likely to suffer from harsh and challenging environments of deserts including the high temperature, high salinity etc., which will inhibit the efficiency of MICP. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using native microbes from aeolian sands as a medium for urea-hydrolysis based MICP process. The effects of temperature, alkalinity and the- 引用格式:张文恺,杨术明,马永龙,等.基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):225-236.引用格式:王丽亚,李光灿,安艳仓,等.风积砂本土菌群诱导碳酸钙沉积过程的环境影响因素［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):299-309.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.008风积砂本土菌群诱导碳酸钙沉积过程的环境影响因素王丽亚¹,李光灿¹,安艳仓¹,张自创²,李孟研¹,高云起²(1.石家庄铁道大学 土木工程学院,道路与铁道工程安全保障教育部重点实验室,河北 石家庄 050043;2.河北大学 建筑工程学院,河北省基础设施防灾减灾与智能评估重点实验室,河北 保定 071002)摘 要:微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积(microbial induced carbonate precipitation, MICP)过程可用于胶结风积砂颗粒以提高其抗风蚀性能,然而,外来单菌种如巴氏芽孢八叠球菌(Sporosarcina pasteurii)的活性易受沙化地区高温、高盐等恶劣环境的影响,从而制约MICP过程的效率.本文研究了利用沙化地区风积砂中本土细菌作为基于尿素水解的MICP过程媒介,并探索温度、环境酸碱度、尿素、钙盐以及钠盐浓度对菌群活性与MICP过程的影响,同时与S. pasteurii的表现进行对比.结果表明:风积砂中含有多种具有尿素水解功能的菌群,对河北张家口坝上地区而言,其菌种主要为Sporosarcina luteola和Sporosarcina psychrophila.风积砂筛选菌群在温度、钙盐和钠盐的耐受性方面表现更优,其MICP过程符合米氏方程,为MICP技术在沙化区域恶劣环境下的固沙及其他应用提供了更多可能性.关键词:微生物;碳酸钙沉积;尿素水解菌群;沙化地区;细菌活性;米氏方程中图分类号:X1;X45 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)03-0299-11DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.008Effects of environmental factors on microbial carbonate precipitation induced by native bacteria enriched from aeolian sandWANG Liya¹, LI Guangcan¹, AN Yancang¹, ZHANG Zichuang², LI Mengyan¹, GAO Yunqi²(1. Key Laboratory of Roads and Railway Engineering Safety Control Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineer, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043,China;2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Infrastructure Disaster Mitigation and Intelligent Assessment,College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)Abstract: Microbial induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)is an emerging process that can be used to enhancewind erosion resistance of aeolian sands by cementing the grains. However, microbes,especially for the single foreignstrains, like Sporosarcinapasteurii,are likely to suffer from harsh and challenging environments of deserts including the high temperature, high salinity etc., which will inhibit the efficiency of MICP. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using native microbes from aeolian sands as a medium for urea-hydrolysis based MICP process. The effects of temperature, alkalinity and the- 收稿日期:2025-08-28;修回日期:2025-11-17 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52208357;52408359);河北省自然科学基金项目(E2023210018);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(BJK2024175) 第一作者:王丽亚(1991—),女,石家庄铁道大学讲师,主要从事环境岩土工程方向研究,E-mail:lwang@stdu.edu.cn 通信作者:高云起(1989—),男,河北大学副教授,主要从事生态岩土工程与岩土地震工程方向研究,E-mail:yqgao89@hbu.edu.cn 第3期王丽亚等:风积砂本土菌群诱导碳酸钙沉积过程的环境影响因素河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷concentration of urea, calcium and sodium salts on the activity of selected bacteria were explored and compared with the performance of Sporosarcinapasteurii. MICP processes were also studied considering the effects of initial alkalinity and concentration of substrates. The results showed that a variety of ureolytic bacteria strains existed in aeolian sand from the harsh desert environment. Sporosarcinaluteol and Sporosarcinapsychrophila are the two main strains selected from aeolian sand collected from Zhangjiakou Bashang area, Hebei province. The activity was more stablefor the selected microbes which imposed more tolerance for temperature, calcium concentration and sodium salts. The MICP process fulfilled by the selected microbes, can be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The high tolerance of the selected native microbes provides more possible engineering applications of MICP in the harsh environment of deserts.

Synthesis and study on in vitro anti-tumor activity of benzodithiadiazole photothermal agent

GUO Zhenpeng, YANG Kui, HUANG Tengxuan, LI Wei

2026, 46(3):  310-317.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.009

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A novel water-soluble benzobisthiadiazole molecule(BBTD-PTA)as a photothermal agent was synthesized by etherification, coupling, nucleophilic substitution and quaternization. The photophysical properties were analyzed by UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrum and steady-state fluorescence spectrum. The photothermal conversion properties were measured by a semiconductor laser combined with an infrared thermal imager. Hep G2 hepatoma cells were used as a model to evaluate the biocompatibility and photothermal therapy effect by MTT assay. The results showed that BBTD-PTA molecule was of capability of near-infrared absorption and emission. Its photothermal conversion efficiency reached 53.1%. - 引用格式:张文恺,杨术明,马永龙,等.基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):225-236.引用格式:郭振鹏,杨魁,黄腾璇,等.苯并双噻二唑光热剂合成及抗肿瘤活性研究［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):310-317.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.009苯并双噻二唑光热剂合成及抗肿瘤活性研究郭振鹏,杨魁,黄腾璇,李玮(河北大学 化学与材料科学学院,药物化学与分子诊断教育部重点实验室,河北 保定 071000)摘 要:采用醚化、偶联、亲核取代和季铵化等反应,合成了一种新型水溶性苯并双噻二唑光热剂(BBTD-PTA). 采用紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱和稳态荧光光谱研究了其光物理性质. 采用808 nm激光器与红外热成像仪联用测定了其光热性质. 以人肝癌细胞Hep G2作为模型,用MTT比色法评估了BBTD-PTA的生物相容性和光热治疗能力. 结果表明:BBTD-PTA分子具有良好的近红外光吸收及发射能力,其光热转换效率为53.1%. BBTD-PTA分子具有较高的生物相容性,可在808 nm激光照射下显著降低肿瘤细胞的活力,表明BBTD-PTA分子是一种潜在的高效抗肿瘤光热剂.关键词:苯并双噻二唑; 光热剂; 抗肿瘤中图分类号:TP242.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)03-0310-08DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.009Synthesis and study on in vitro anti-tumor activity of benzodithiadiazole photothermal agentGUO Zhenpeng, YANG Kui, HUANG Tengxuan, LI Wei(Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China)Abstract: A novel water-soluble benzobisthiadiazole molecule(BBTD-PTA)as a photothermal agent was synthesized by etherification, coupling, nucleophilic substitution and quaternization. The photophysical properties were analyzed by UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrum and steady-state fluorescence spectrum. The photothermal conversion properties were measured by a semiconductor laser combined with an infrared thermal imager. Hep G2 hepatoma cells were used as a model to evaluate the biocompatibility and photothermal therapy effect by MTT assay. The results showed that BBTD-PTA molecule was of capability of near-infrared absorption and emission. Its photothermal conversion efficiency reached 53.1%. - 收稿日期:2025-06-04;修回日期:2025-11-04 基金项目:河北省自然科学基金面上项目(B2023201031);先导药物分子绿色合成创新团队项目(IT2023B01);河北省化学生物学重点实验室项目(22567632H);河北省分析科学与技术重点实验室项目(22567620H) 第一作者:郭振鹏(1995—),男,河北大学在读博士研究生,主要从事荧光染料及其光学诊疗研究.E-mail:Guozhenpeng2025@163.com 通信作者:李玮(1963—),男,河北大学教授,主要从事化学生物学研究.E-mail:liwei2020@hbu.edu.cn 第3期郭振鹏等:苯并双噻二唑光热剂合成及抗肿瘤活性研究河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷BBTD-PTA shows high biocompatibility and potent antitumor efficiacy under 808 nm laser irradiation, suggesting it is a promising candidate for efficient photothermal therapy.

Synthesis of a platinum(Ⅳ)prodrug with photothermal reagent as the axial ligand for overcoming drug resistance

WANG Mengyue, GAO Jiaxin, WANG Shuxiang

2026, 46(3):  318-326.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.010

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To overcome the toxic side effects and drug resistance of anticancer drugs cisplatin, strategies including Pt^Ⅳ prodrugs and photothermal therapy(PTT)were adopted. An antitumor prodrug Pt^Ⅳ-Cy was synthesized, using a photothermal reagent Cy served as the axial ligand.The stability of the prodrug in serum was investigated by spectrophotometry, and its photothermal properties were studied by photothermal imaging.In vitro antitumor activity was determined by the MTT assay using A549, A549R and BRL-3A cells as the models.In vivo antitumor activity was evaluated by indicators such as tumor volume and tumor weight in drug-resistant tumor-bearing mice.The mechanism of overcoming drug resistance was explored by ICP-MS, fluorescence microscopy, Western blot and immunohistochemical- 引用格式:张文恺,杨术明,马永龙,等.基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):225-236.引用格式:王梦悦,高甲欣,王书香.光热试剂为轴向配体的铂(Ⅳ)前药合成与克服耐药性研究［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):318-326.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.010光热试剂为轴向配体的铂(Ⅳ)前药合成与克服耐药性研究王梦悦,高甲欣,王书香(河北大学 化学与材料科学学院,药物化学与分子诊断教育部重点实验室,河北 保定 071000)摘 要:为克服抗肿瘤药物顺铂的毒副作用和耐药性,采用Pt^Ⅳ前药和光热治疗(photothermal therapy,PTT)等策略,合成了一种光热试剂Cy为轴向配体的抗肿瘤前药Pt^Ⅳ-Cy.采用分光光度法探究Pt^Ⅳ-Cy在血清中的稳定性; 采用光热成像法探究其光热性质;以A549、A549R和BRL-3A细胞为模型,采用MTT法测定其体外抗肿瘤活性;以耐药性荷瘤小鼠为模型对其体内抗肿瘤活性进行评价;采用ICP-MS、荧光显微镜成像、Western blot和免疫组化染色法探究Pt^Ⅳ-Cy的克服耐药性机制.结果表明:Pt^Ⅳ-Cy在血清中表现出优异的稳定性,在808 nm激光照射下可实现化疗和PTT的协同,对A549R的IC₅₀值降低0.85倍,而对BRL-3A细胞的IC₅₀值提高2.1倍,在提高抗肿瘤活性的同时,降低了对正常细胞的毒副作用;PTT产生的高热降低了线粒体膜电位,引起线粒体功能紊乱,抑制了MRP1蛋白的表达,提高了肿瘤细胞对铂的摄取量,通过多途径来克服耐药性.关键词:Pt^Ⅳ前药;光热试剂;光热治疗;毒副作用;顺铂耐药性中图分类号:TP242.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)03-0318-09DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.010Synthesis of a platinum(Ⅳ)prodrug with photothermal reagent as the axial ligand for overcoming drug resistanceWANG Mengyue, GAO Jiaxin, WANG Shuxiang(Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China)Abstract: To overcome the toxic side effects and drug resistance of anticancer drugs cisplatin, strategies including Pt^Ⅳ prodrugs and photothermal therapy(PTT)were adopted. An antitumor prodrug Pt^Ⅳ-Cy was synthesized, using a photothermal reagent Cy served as the axial ligand.The stability of the prodrug in serum was investigated by spectrophotometry, and its photothermal properties were studied by photothermal imaging.In vitro antitumor activity was determined by the MTT assay using A549, A549R and BRL-3A cells as the models.In vivo antitumor activity was evaluated by indicators such as tumor volume and tumor weight in drug-resistant tumor-bearing mice.The mechanism of overcoming drug resistance was explored by ICP-MS, fluorescence microscopy, Western blot and immunohistochemical- 收稿日期:2026-01-20;修回日期:2026-02-15 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(22177026) 第一作者:王梦悦(1998—),女,河北大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事抗肿瘤药物方向研究.E-mail:3036193854@qq.com 通信作者:王书香(1965—),男,河北大学教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事抗肿瘤药物方向研究.E-mail:wsx@hbu.edu.cn 第3期王梦悦等:光热试剂为轴向配体的铂(Ⅳ)前药合成与克服耐药性研究河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷staining.The results showed that Pt^Ⅳ-Cy exhibited excellent stability in serum and achieved the synergism of chemotherapy and PTT under 808 nm irradiation.The IC₅₀ value against A549R cells was decreased by 0.85-fold, while that against BRL-3A cells was increased by 2.1-fold, exhibiting enhanced antitumor activity and reduced toxic side effects on normal cells.The hyperthermia of PTT decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, induced mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the expression of MRP1 protein, increased the uptake of platinum by tumor cells, and thus overcame drug resistance through multiple pathways.

Cross-domain access control based on user intent

NIU He, LIU Yifan, CHAI Wenlei, FENG Fan, LIU Yi

2026, 46(3):  327-336.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.011

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In the field of access control, existing paradigms predominantly prioritize the protection of organizational assets, often overlooking the potential adverse psychological effects of accessed content on users. To address this limitation, this paper proposes an intent-driven cross-domain access control model that extends the primary security objective from solely safeguarding resources to ensuring user safety. The proposed model enhances traditional Attribute-Based Access Control(ABAC)via a dual-stage evaluation framework. In the first stage, basic access permissions are determined based on user attributes and contextual conditions. In the second stage, the system dynamically assesses the user’s behavioral intentions- 引用格式:张文恺,杨术明,马永龙,等.基于EDEM的牧场推料机器人参数优化设计与试验［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):225-236.引用格式:牛鹤,刘一凡,柴文磊,等.在跨域环境下基于用户意图的访问控制［J］.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(3):327-336.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.011在跨域环境下基于用户意图的访问控制牛鹤^1,2,刘一凡^1,2,柴文磊³,冯凡³,刘亿³(1.河北大学 网络空间安全与计算机学院,河北 保定 071002;2.河北省高可信信息系统重点实验室,河北 保定 071002;3.河北大学 信息技术中心,河北 保定 071002)摘 要:现有的访问控制主要侧重于保护组织资产,往往忽略了访问信息对用户的心理影响.为了获得对用户行为意图的全面理解,提出一个基于用户行为意图的跨域访问控制模型,将访问控制的重点从保护组织资产转移到保护用户安全上.该模型通过引入两阶段评估过程,增强传统的基于属性的访问控制: 第1阶段,根据用户属性和上下文评估基本访问权限;第2阶段,系统对用户意图和情绪状态进行评估,以确定潜在的行为风险.为支持意图分析,整合了基于YOLOv9的多模态数据融合和基于愉悦度和唤醒度的情感建模,以捕捉用户行为和所请求内容的情感倾向.实验结果表明,在3种不同的场景下,该模型的F1分数分别提高0.23、0.16、0.18,证明了所提出的方法在跨域环境中能够提供细粒度的访问控制.关键词:访问控制;跨域;多模态;意图分析中图分类号:TP391.7 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2026)03-0327-10DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2026.03.011Cross-domain access control based on user intentNIU He^1,2, LIU Yifan^1,2, CHAI Wenlei³, FENG Fan³, LIU Yi³(1.School of Cyber Security and Computer, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;2.Key Laboratory on High Trusted Information System in Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China;3.Information Technology Center, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)Abstract: In the field of access control, existing paradigms predominantly prioritize the protection of organizational assets, often overlooking the potential adverse psychological effects of accessed content on users. To address this limitation, this paper proposes an intent-driven cross-domain access control model that extends the primary security objective from solely safeguarding resources to ensuring user safety. The proposed model enhances traditional Attribute-Based Access Control(ABAC)via a dual-stage evaluation framework. In the first stage, basic access permissions are determined based on user attributes and contextual conditions. In the second stage, the system dynamically assesses the user’s behavioral intentions- 收稿日期:2025-10-16;修回日期:2026-03-13 基金项目:河北省自然科学基金项目(F2025201052);河北省教育厅科学研究项目(QN2025014);河北大学校长基金项目(XZJJ202303) 第一作者:牛鹤(2000—),男,河北大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事访问控制方向研究. E-mail:20237019017@stumail.hbu.edu.cn 通信作者:刘一凡(1995—),女,河北大学讲师,博士,主要从事异常数据检测、可信数据空间、数据治理、软件定义网络等方向研究. E-mail:lyf@hbu.edu.cn 第3期牛鹤等:在跨域环境下基于用户意图的访问控制河北大学学报(自然科学版) 第46卷and emotional state to identify potential risks. In order to support intention analysis, multimodal data fusion based on YOLOv9 and emotional modeling based on valence and arousal are integrated to capture user behavior and the emotional tendency of the requested content. Experimental results across three distinct scenarios demonstrate that the model improves F1 scores by 0.23, 0.16, and 0.18, respectively, confirming its effectiveness in enabling fine-grained, access control in cross-domain environments.