机场冬季鸟类活动规律及雪被对鸟类群落的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2021.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了掌握冬季机场鸟类的活动规律,给机场鸟击防治工作提供理论依据,2018—2019年冬季采用样线法对冬季机场内鸟类活动规律及雪被对鸟类群落的影响进行了研究.结果表明:机场冬季共记录到鸟类19 种,隶属7 目11 科,其中留鸟和冬候鸟是冬季机场鸟类群落的主体,鸟类物种以雀形目杂食性和食谷鸟类为主.上午9:00—10:00鸟类物种数量和个体密度最大.E3区和F3区是鸟类活动最频繁的区域.覆雪后,鸟类个体密度显著增加(P<0.05),但鸟类物种密度显著下降(P<0.05),裸露区是吸引鸟类进入机场活动的主要环境因素.裸露区与过渡区的Beta多样性周转分组高于嵌套分组,表明鸟类有从裸露区向过渡区扩散的能力.雀形目杂食性和食谷鸟类、9:00—10:00和13:00—14:00、E3区和F3区及裸露区应作为机场冬季重点关注和整治的对象、时段和区域.

关键词: 机场, 鸟类, 活动规律, 雪被

Abstract: In order to master the pattern of bird activity at the airport in winter, to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of airport bird strikes, in the winter of 2018—2019, the bird activity pattern and the influence of snow cover on the bird community were studied by sample line method. The results showed that 19 species of birds under 7,11 were recorded in winter, Among them, the resident and winter migratory birds are the main body of the winter airport bird community, and bird species are mainly finch-shaped omnivorous and valley-eating birds. Between 9:00 and 10:00 am, the number of species and individual density of birds is maximum. E3 and F3 areas are the most frequent areas of bird activity. After the snow, Individual density of birds increased significantly(P<0.05). However, the density of bird species decreased significantly(P<0.05). Bare patches are the main environmental factors that attract birds into airport activities. Beta diversity turnover groups in exposed and transition areas were higher than nested groups, indicating that birds have the ability to diffuse from bare to transitional areas. Sparrow-shaped omnivorous and valley-eating birds, 9:00—10:00 and 13:00—14:00, E3 and F3 areas and exposed patches after snow cover should be the objects, periods and areas of the airport's winter focus and regulation. - DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2021.02.010机场冬季鸟类活动规律及雪被对鸟类群落的影响张侃,林庆乾,刘琪琪,王晨,侯建华(河北大学生命科学学院,河北保定 071002)摘要:为了掌握冬季机场鸟类的活动规律,给机场鸟击防治工作提供理论依据,2018—2019年冬季采用样线法对冬季机场内鸟类活动规律及雪被对鸟类群落的影响进行了研究.结果表明:机场冬季共记录到鸟类19 种,隶属7 目11 科,其中留鸟和冬候鸟是冬季机场鸟类群落的主体,鸟类物种以雀形目杂食性和食谷鸟类为主.上午9:00—10:00鸟类物种数量和个体密度最大.E3区和F3区是鸟类活动最频繁的区域.覆雪后,鸟类个体密度显著增加(P<0.05),但鸟类物种密度显著下降(P<0.05),裸露区是吸引鸟类进入机场活动的主要环境因素.裸露区与过渡区的Beta多样性周转分组高于嵌套分组,表明鸟类有从裸露区向过渡区扩散的能力.雀形目杂食性和食谷鸟类、9:00—10:00和13:00—14:00、E3区和F3区及裸露区应作为机场冬季重点关注和整治的对象、时段和区域.关键词:机场;鸟类;活动规律;雪被中图分类号:Q958.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2021)02-0171-09Rhythm of birds activity in winter at airport and the effect of snow cover on bird communityZHANG Kan, LIN Qingqian, LIU Qiqi, WANG Chen, HOU Jianhua(College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)Abstract: In order to master the pattern of bird activity at the airport in winter, to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of airport bird strikes, in the winter of 2018—2019, the bird activity pattern and the influence of snow cover on the bird community were studied by sample line method. The results showed that 19 species of birds under 7,11 were recorded in winter, Among them, the resident and winter migratory birds are the main body of the winter airport bird community, and bird species are mainly finch-shaped omnivorous and valley-eating birds. Between 9:00 and 10:00 am, the number of species and individual density of birds is maximum. E3 and F3 areas are the most frequent areas of bird activity. After the snow, Individual density of birds increased significantly(P<0.05). However, the density of bird species decreased significantly(P<0.05). Bare patches are the main environmental factors that attract birds into airport activities. Beta diversity turnover groups in exposed and transition areas were higher than nested groups, indicating that birds have the ability to diffuse from bare to transitional areas. Sparrow-shaped omnivorous and valley-eating birds, 9:00—10:00 and 13:00—14:00, E3 and F3 areas and exposed patches after snow cover should be the objects, periods and areas of the airport's winter focus and regulation. - 收稿日期:2020-05-16 基金项目:机场鸟情调查及环境治理方案制定(2019—2021);河北大学自然科学研究计划项目(2014-299) 第一作者:张侃(1996—),男,河北邢台人,河北大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事动物学研究.E-mail:1179678964@qq.com 通信作者:侯建华(1968—),男,河北保定人,河北大学教授,主要从事动物生态学研究.E-mail:13633325718@163.com第2期张侃等:机场冬季鸟类活动规律及雪被对鸟类群落的影响

Key words: airport, bird, activity pattern, snow cover

中图分类号:

Q958.1

张侃,林庆乾,刘琪琪,王晨,侯建华. 机场冬季鸟类活动规律及雪被对鸟类群落的影响[J]. 河北大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 41(2): 171-179.

ZHANG Kan, LIN Qingqian, LIU Qiqi, WANG Chen, HOU Jianhua. Rhythm of birds activity in winter at airport and the effect of snow cover on bird community[J]. Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition), 2021, 41(2): 171-179.

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