Karyotype analysis of different varieties of Cosmos

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2019.04.013

Abstract

Abstract: The karyological analysis on two cultivars of Cosmos were studied by conventional pressed slice method. The purpose was to utilize and breed germplasm.The results showed that:the chromosome number of Cosmos bipinnata for the test are 2n=2x=24 and 2n=4x=48, the chromosomes was abnormal,and forty-eight chromosomes were identified for the first time.The chromosome number of Cosmos sulphureus are 2n=24.The chromosome types of Cosmos included m,sm and st.The karyotype types contained 1A,2A,3A,2B and 3B. The ratio of the longest chromosome / the shortest chromosome was from 1.27 to 2.37,the percentage of chromosomes of arm ratio >2 is 0—58.33%.The karyotype asymmetry index of nine cultivars were from 58.12% to 67.69%,which implied the karyotype of Cosmos was asymmetric and evolutive.Among the cultivars,the karyotype of CC(Sensation Purity)was the most primitive,and the karyotype of KL(Sensation Gloria)was the most evolutive.The karyotype characteristics of different cultivars were different,indicating that there are chromosomal genetic diversity among different cultivars.- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2019.04.013秋英属植物核型分析孙桂芳¹,赵艺璇¹,杨建伟^2,3,刘冬云¹(1.河北农业大学园林与旅游学院,河北保定 071000;2.兴隆县林业和草原局,河北兴隆 067300;3.兴隆县住房和城乡建设局,河北兴隆 067300)摘要:采用常规压片法,以秋英属2种植物为研究材料进行核型分析,旨在为波斯菊和硫华菊种质资源的开发利用和良种培育提供细胞学依据.结果表明:波斯菊的染色体数目为2n=2x=24和2n=4x=48,染色体数目出现异常,首次发现48条染色体.硫华菊染色体数目是2n=24. 2种植物在染色体类型中均含有m、sm和st类型.核型类型有1A、2A、3A、2B和3B型.最长与最短染色体比值为1.27~2.37,臂比大于2∶1 的染色体占染色体总数的0~58.33%.核型不对称系数为58.12%~67.69%,核型不对称程度较高,说明秋英属2种植物的进化程度较为进化,其中CC(纯粹Sensation Purity)最原始,KL(凯莱Sensation Gloria)最进化.秋英属不同品种的核型特征均有差异,说明不同品种之间具有染色体遗传多样性.关键词:波斯菊;硫华菊;染色体;核型分析中图分类号:TK513 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2019)04-0412-09Karyotype analysis of different varieties of CosmosSUN Guifang¹,ZHAO Yixuan¹,YANG Jianwei^2,3,LIU Dongyun¹(1.College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000,China;2. Forestry and Grassland Burcau of Xinglong County,Xinglong 067300,China;3. The County Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Xinglong,Xinglong 067300,China)Abstract:The karyological analysis on two cultivars of Cosmos were studied by conventional pressed slice method. The purpose was to utilize and breed germplasm.The results showed that:the chromosome number of Cosmos bipinnata for the test are 2n=2x=24 and 2n=4x=48, the chromosomes was abnormal,and forty-eight chromosomes were identified for the first time.The chromosome number of Cosmos sulphureus are 2n=24.The chromosome types of Cosmos included m,sm and st.The karyotype types contained 1A,2A,3A,2B and 3B. The ratio of the longest chromosome / the shortest chromosome was from 1.27 to 2.37,the percentage of chromosomes of arm ratio >2 is 0—58.33%.The karyotype asymmetry index of nine cultivars were from 58.12% to 67.69%,which implied the karyotype of Cosmos was asymmetric and evolutive.Among the cultivars,the karyotype of CC(Sensation Purity)was the most primitive,and the karyotype of KL(Sensation Gloria)was the most evolutive.The karyotype characteristics of different cultivars were different,indicating that there are chromosomal genetic diversity among different cultivars.- 收稿日期:2018-07-19 基金项目:河北省重点研发计划——农业关键共性技术攻关专项项目(17226320D) 第一作者:孙桂芳(1992—),女,河北张家口人,河北农业大学在读硕士研究生.E-mail:1140407285@qq.com 通信作者:刘冬云(1971—),女,河北赞皇人,河北农业大学副教授,博士,主要从事园林植物遗传育种研究.E-mail:dongyunliu@hebau.edu.cn第4期孙桂芳等:秋英属植物核型分析

Key words: Cosmos bipinnata, Cosmos sulphureus, chromosome, karyotype analysis

CLC Number:

TK513

SUN Guifang,ZHAO Yixuan,YANG Jianwei,LIU Dongyun. Karyotype analysis of different varieties of Cosmos[J]. Journal of Hebei University (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 39(4): 412-420.

References

[1] 陈俊愉,程绪珂.中国花经[M].上海:上海文化出版社,1990.
[2] 章玉平,黄建华.多效唑与比久浸种处理对波斯菊矮化的影响[J].现代农业科技,2011(15): 220-222.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2011.15.135.
[3] 张娟,杨玉想.大花波斯菊在北方地区的栽培与应用[J].现代园艺,2010(9):20.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2010.09.013.
[4] 杜艳,裴蕾,高志英,等.盐胁迫对2种基因型波斯菊种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):128-131.DOI:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2018.03.033.
[5] 王少平,朱爱民,朱二刚.浸种对波斯菊种子发芽的影响[J].种子,2000(2):39-41.DOI:10.16590/j.cnki.1001-4705.2000.02.046.
[6] 嵇云,张建军,李佩莲,等.植物生长延缓剂对波斯菊穴盘苗生长影响的初步研究[J].新疆农业科技,2009(5):43.
[7] 姜云天,闫中雪,袁浩,等.Na₂CO₃胁迫对波斯菊种子萌发的影响[J].现代园艺,2014(21):12-13.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2014.21.007.
[8] 孙桂芳,赵艺璇,杨建伟,等.波斯菊9个品种的核型分析与比较[J].西部林业科学,2019,48(1):48-53.DOI:10.16473/j.cnki.xblykx1972.2019.01.009.
[9] 刘燕.园林花卉学[M].第4版.北京:中国林业出版社,2011:3.
[10] 郭玉洁,刘冬云.硫华菊和波斯菊杂交育种试验[J].河北林业科技,2017(1):22-24.DOI:10.16449/j.cnki.issn1002-3356.2017.01.006.
[11] 陈少萍.硫华菊栽培管理[J].中国花卉园艺,2013(16):21-23.
[12] 孙琪,廖康,耿文娟,等.新疆欧洲李种质资源染色体核型分析[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(06):1153-1159.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2015.06.1153.
[13] 周杨,张亦默,王嘉伟,等.10个美女樱与细叶美女樱种(品种)核型分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(11):22-27.DOI:10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.2018.11.005.
[14] 李丕睿,陈玉林,顾永华,等.⁶⁰Co-γ辐射对波斯菊种子萌发的影响[J].现代园艺,2018(5):6-8.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2018.05.002.
[15] 曲同宝,李怡莹,马文育.火炬树水浸提液对波斯菊种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(11):26-31.DOI:10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.2017.11.006.
[16] 徐贵,吴志广.浙北地区波斯菊花海景观的栽培[J].现代园艺,2017(2):50.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2017.02.035.
[17] 李宝剑.华南地区波斯菊栽培[J].中国花卉园艺,2014(24):24-25.
[18] 孙桂芳,杨建伟,赵艺璇,等.波斯菊9个品种核型分析[J].河北农业大学学报,2019,42(1):38-44.DOI:10.13320/j.cnki.jauh.2019.0007.
[19] 杨德奎,周俊英.山东10种植物的核型分析[J].广西植物,1999, 19(4): 337. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.1999.04.011.
[20] 张凡,张芹,龙双红.波斯菊核型分析[J].草业科学,2012,29(11):1715-1717.
[21] 李懋学,陈瑞阳.关于植物核型分析的标准化问题[J].武汉植物学研究,1985(4):297-302.
[22] LEVAN A, FREDGA K, SANDBERG A A. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes[J]. Hereditas, 1964,52: 201-220.DOI:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1964.tb01953.x.
[23] STEBBINS G L.Chromosomal evolution in higher plants[M]. London: Edward Amold Ltd, 1971: 87-123.
[24] 周杨.11个种(品种)马鞭草属植物遗传多样性研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2018.
[25] 苏芸芸,王康才.不同产地藿香核型及似近系数聚类分析[J].核农学报,2017,31(6):1053-1060.DOI:10.11869 /j.issn.100-8551.2017.06.1053.
[26] 段英姿,马艳芝.不同产地荆芥核型及核型似近系数聚类分析[J].中国药学杂志,2017,52(15):1313-1318.DOI:10.11669 /cpj.2017.15.004.
[27] 段永红,渠云芳,王玉庆,等.不同产地苦参核型及似近系数聚类分析[J].中国药学杂志,2014,49(14):1194-1199.DOI:10.11669/cpj.2014.14.004.
[28] 李懋学,张赞平.作物染色体及其研究技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1996.
[29] 刘蔚.两种野生杜鹃属植物染色体制片方法比较及其核型分析[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[30] 梁韶.三种人参属药用植物荧光原位杂交技术及核型分析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[31] 谭培.两种扁穗雀麦核型分析与种子萌发期抗旱性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[32] 罗刚军,肖月娥,徐文姬,等.3种花色野鸢尾形态性状变异及染色体核型分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(2):266-272.DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2016.02.011.
[33] 祝海燕,罗双霞,陈雪平,等.几种茄科蔬菜的核型分析和比较[J].河北农业大学学报,2013,36(1):21-24.DOI:10.13320/j.cnki.jauh.2013.01.005.
[34] 詹园凤,党选民,曹振木,等.两个茄子品种的核型分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2009,10(2):283-285.DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2009.02.034.
[35] THOMAS E M. Systematic studies in the coreopsidinae:cytotaxonomy of mexican and guatemalan cosmos[J].American Journal of Botany,1968,55(3):345-353.DOI:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1968.tb07386.x.
[36] 刘慧民,陈雅君,吕贵娥,等.17种绣线菊核型特征及核型参数分析[J].园艺学报,2010, 37(9):1456-1462.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2010.09.010.
[37] 董山平,罗乐,钟军珺,等.榆叶梅及其部分近缘种的染色体核型分析[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(3):608-613.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2015.03.0608.
[38] 严晓霞.青大系列紫花苜蓿核型分析及抗寒性对比研究[D].西宁:青海大学,2018.
[39] 孙琪.新疆欧洲李种质资源亲缘关系研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.