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25 May 2020, Volume 40 Issue 3

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Wilcoxon signed-rank test based on ranked set sampling with unequal samples

DONG Xiaofang, ZHANG Liangyong, WANG Zhijun

2020, 40(3):  225-231.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.001

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In order to test the symmetric point of an infinite population, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistic based on ranked set sampling with unequal samples is constructed. Its distribution is shown to be symmetric and distribution-free under null hypothesis. The asymptotic normality of the new test statistic is proved, and its Pitman efficiency factor is given. The calculated results of Pitman asymptotic relative efficiencies show that the new test is superior to the signed-rank tests under simple random sampling and ranked set sampling.

Substructure damage identification method based on power spectrum sensitivity

FANG Youliang, LI Zongrao, ZHANG Ying, LOU Jiaqi

2020, 40(3):  232-239.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.002

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A damage identification method combining power spectrum sensitivity and substructure polycondensation technology was proposed. The finite difference method was used in the process of analyzing the sensitivity of the response power spectrum to the structural element area, which solved the problem that the partial differential of the solution parameters is difficult; in addition, the overall structure is divided into several substructures, the Guyan polycondensation technology for undamaged substructures was adopted. Damaged identification of condensed structures is carried out by power spectral sensitivity analysis and the method only needs to measure the response of a few degrees of freedom of the structure to achieve the purpose of damage detection. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a three-layer and two-span rigid frame model.

Tribological properties of bionic surface of 3D printed UV and ABS polymer materials

ZHU Weijun,YI Xuemei,WANG Meiling

2020, 40(3):  240-248.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.003

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The mechanism and influence law of bionic surface on friction pair under dry friction condition were studied. Two kinds of macromolecule materials, photosensitive resin(UV)and acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene(ABS), were used as samples. The samples with bionic and smooth surfaces were fabricated by 3D printing technology. Under dry friction condition, ball-disk friction and wear experiments were carried out using a reciprocating friction and wear tester. The friction coefficients and wear quantities of the two materials were measured. The worn surfaces were observed by focusing microscope and stereofluorescence microscope. The results showed that the change of load and speed caused the change of friction coefficient and- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.0033D打印UV与ABS材料仿生表面摩擦学性能朱炜军,衣雪梅,王美玲(西北农林科技大学 机械与电子工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100)摘 要:对在干摩擦条件下仿生表面对摩擦副的作用机理与影响规律进行了研究.实验以光敏树脂(UV)和丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯(ABS)2种高分子材料为样品,利用3D打印技术分别加工出具有仿生表面与光滑表面的试样.干摩擦条件下,在摩擦磨损试验机上进行球-面摩擦磨损实验,测量UV与ABS的摩擦系数与磨损量,并用激光共聚焦显微镜与体视荧光显微镜观察磨损表面.研究结果表明:载荷与转速的改变会引起摩擦系数与磨损量的变化.UV仿生表面在3 N载荷与200 r/min转速、5 N载荷与200 r/min转速和3 N载荷与400 r/min转速工况下平均摩擦系数分别为0.534、0.598和0.642;在5 N载荷下相较3 N磨损量提高了40.0%,在400 r/min转速下相较200 r/min磨损量提高了185.5%.ABS仿生表面在3 N载荷与200 r/min转速、5 N载荷与200 r/min转速和3 N载荷与400 r/min转速工况下平均摩擦系数分别为0.336、0.346和0.378;在5 N载荷下相较3 N磨损量提高了2.69%,在400 r/min转速下相较200 r/min磨损量提高了12.5%.UV样品为粘着磨损,而ABS样品黏着磨损为主,伴随有磨粒磨损.关键词:3D打印;高分子材料;摩擦系数;磨损量;仿生表面中图分类号:TH117.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2020)03-0240-09Tribological properties of bionic surface of 3D printed UV and ABS polymer materialsZHU Weijun,YI Xuemei,WANG Meiling(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University,Yangling 712100, China)Abstract: The mechanism and influence law of bionic surface on friction pair under dry friction condition were studied. Two kinds of macromolecule materials, photosensitive resin(UV)and acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene(ABS), were used as samples. The samples with bionic and smooth surfaces were fabricated by 3D printing technology. Under dry friction condition, ball-disk friction and wear experiments were carried out using a reciprocating friction and wear tester. The friction coefficients and wear quantities of the two materials were measured. The worn surfaces were observed by focusing microscope and stereofluorescence microscope. The results showed that the change of load and speed caused the change of friction coefficient and- 收稿日期:2019-10-27 基金项目:西北农林科技大学人才专项资金资助项目(Z111021701);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018GY-116) 第一作者:朱炜军(1995—),男,浙江杭州人,西北农林科技大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事机械摩擦与磨损研究.E-mail:1024745951@qq.com 通信作者:衣雪梅(1976—),女,山东栖霞人,西北农林科技大学副教授,博士,主要从事新型氮(氧)化物精细陶瓷的制备及性能表征.E-mail:xuemei_yi@nwsuaf.edu.cn王美玲(1986—),女,内蒙古赤峰人,西北农林科技大学副教授,博士,主要从事机械摩擦与磨损研究.E-mail:ml.wang@nwafu.edu.cn第3期朱炜军等:3D打印UV与ABS材料仿生表面摩擦学性能wear quantity. The average friction coefficients of UV bionic surfaces at 3 N load and 200 r/min speed, 5 N load and 200 r/min speed and 3 N load and 400 r/min speed were 0.534, 0.598 and 0.642, respectively, which were 40.0% higher than that of 3 N under 5 N load and 185.5% higher than that of 200 r/min at 400 r/min speed. The average friction coefficients of ABS bionic surfaces at 3 N load and 200 r/min speed, 5 N load and 200 r/min speed and 3 N load and 400 r/min speed were 0.336, 0.346 and 0.378, respectively, at 5 N load. The wear loss of the lower phase is 2.69% higher than that of 3 N and 12.5% higher than that of 200 r/min and 400 r/min speed. The adhesion wear of UV samples was mainly abrasive wear, while that of ABS samples was mainly abrasive wear.

Optical properties of Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ heterojunction

LIU Yi, WANG Longlong, HU Guofeng, LIU Xuelu, WU Hongli, LI Xiaoli

2020, 40(3):  249-254.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.004

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A monolayer MoS₂ and nano-thickness Bi₂Se₃ flakes were stacked to form heterostructures.Exciton luminescence, interface interaction and charge transfer in Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ heterojunctions were studied deeply by the reflection, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques under the HR-Evolution Raman spectroscopy system. First, the Bi₂Se₃ flakes with different thicknesses were transferred to a CVD-grown monolayer MoS₂ by a dry transfer technique to form Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ heterostructures. Then, the reflection spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy echniques were used to detect the uniformity and the interfacial- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.004Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂异质结的光学性质刘燚¹,王龙龙¹,胡国锋²,刘雪璐³,武宏利¹,李晓莉¹(1. 河北大学 物理科学与技术学院,河北 保定 071002;2. 深圳大学 物理与光电工程学院,广东 深圳 518060;3. 中国科学院半导体研究所 半导体超晶格国家重点实验室,北京 100083)摘 要:对单层MoS₂与纳米级别厚度的Bi₂Se₃薄片进行组合构建超薄异质结,利用HR-Evolution显微共聚焦拉曼光谱系统,结合反射、拉曼和荧光光谱学测试技术,对Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂异质结中的激子发光、异质结中的界间相互作用和电荷转移等行为进行了深入而系统的研究.首先,利用干法转移技术将不同厚度的Bi₂Se₃薄片转移到CVD生长的单层MoS₂上构建Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂异质结.然后,利用反射光谱和拉曼光谱技术探测异质结的平整度和界面耦合质量,表明异质结的2种材料发生堆叠后具有良好的平整度,按照不同厚度对白光保留着良好的透光性;2种材料堆叠时没有引入附加应力,形成的异质结具有良好的界面耦合质量.最后,通过对异质结的荧光光谱研究发现下层母体材料MoS₂的A、B激子峰的发光效率大大减弱,同时它们的发光波长随着上层Bi₂Se₃薄片的厚度增加逐渐减小,半高宽随着上层Bi₂Se₃薄片的厚度增加逐渐变窄,这说明电子传递到Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂界面后发生退激发,使得MoS₂的发光发生明显猝灭,而且该结果可能还包括异质结的电子能带结构变化导致电荷发生重新分布的的更深层次原因.该研究对新型光电子器件的设计和应用具有一定的意义和指导作用.关键词:二维材料;Bi₂Se₃;MoS₂;异质结;荧光光谱中图分类号:O433.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2020)03-0249-06Optical properties of Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ heterojunctionLIU Yi¹, WANG Longlong¹, HU Guofeng², LIU Xuelu³, WU Hongli¹, LI Xiaoli¹(1.College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;2.College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;3.The State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, Beijing 100083, China)Abstract: A monolayer MoS₂ and nano-thickness Bi₂Se₃ flakes were stacked to form heterostructures.Exciton luminescence, interface interaction and charge transfer in Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ heterojunctions were studied deeply by the reflection, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques under the HR-Evolution Raman spectroscopy system. First, the Bi₂Se₃ flakes with different thicknesses were transferred to a CVD-grown monolayer MoS₂ by a dry transfer technique to form Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ heterostructures. Then, the reflection spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy echniques were used to detect the uniformity and the interfacial- 收稿日期:2019-11-20 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(11504077);河北大学研究生创新资助项目(hbu2020ss077);河北大学研究生创新资助项目(hbu2019ss033);河北大学大学生创新资助项目(2019150). 第一作者:刘燚(1996—),男,福建泉州人,河北大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事半导体光学方面的研究.E-mail: 20181438@stumail.hbu.edu.cn 通信作者:李晓莉(1982—),女,河北南宫人,河北大学副教授,博士,主要从事半导体光学方面的研究.E-mail: xiaolili@hbu.edu.cn第3期刘燚等:Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂异质结的光学性质coupling quality ofheterojunctions, and it was proved that the two materials in the heterostructures had good uniformity after stacking and had excellent white light transmittance with different thicknesses, and no additional strains were introduced when heterostructures were formed to ensure a good interface coupling quality. Finally, the photoluminescence spectra of heterostructures were probed. It is interesting to note that the luminescence efficiency of the A and B exciton peaks from MoS₂ in the bottom was sharply reduced, their peak position downshifted with the increase of the thickness of Bi₂Se₃ flakes at the top, and their full width at half maximum(FWHM)gradually narrowed when the thickness of Bi₂Se₃ flakes increased. It indicated that the electrons were transferred to the interface of Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ and then de-excited, which caused the photoluminescence of MoS₂ to be quenched. Moreover, the results suggested that the charges were likely to be redistributed due to electron band structure renormalization in the heterostructures. This study has a certain significance and guidance for the design and application of new optoelectronic devices.

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of electrospun europium-doped TiO₂ nanofibers

LIU Shuang'an, SHAN Yiyang, TANG Haoran, LI Meng, CHEN Jiaxin, YUAN Xiaoxian

2020, 40(3):  255-259.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.005

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In this paper, polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP), N,N-dimethyl formamide(DMF), glacial acetic acid, absolute ethyl alcohol, tetrabutyl titanate and europium nitrate were used as raw materials to prepare titanium dioxide fibers with different doping concentrations by electrospinning. The morphology and composition of the titanium dioxide fibers were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD). The diameter of the nanofibers was 300—400 nm before calcination, and became 200-300 nm after calcination. They were indexed to anatase phase. The acid red 3R solution was adopted as the- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.005静电纺丝制备铕掺杂二氧化钛纳米纤维及其光催化性能 刘双安¹,单一洋¹,唐浩然¹,李孟¹,陈嘉信²,袁小先¹(1. 河北大学 物理科学与技术学院,河北省光电信息材料重点实验室,新能源光电器件国家地方联合工程实验室,河北 保定 071002;2.河北大学 质量技术监督学院,河北 保定 071002)摘 要:采用静电纺丝法,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、冰乙酸、无水乙醇、硝酸铕和钛酸四丁酯为原料,制备不同浓度铕掺杂的二氧化钛纳米纤维,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线粉末衍射仪(XRD)来表征二氧化钛纳米纤维的形貌、组成和晶型.结果显示二氧化钛纳米纤维煅烧之前直径为300~400 nm,煅烧后直径为200~300 nm,呈锐钛矿型. 以酸性红3R染料作为目标污染物,在太阳光模拟器下进行光催化实验,找出最佳铕掺杂浓度,然后利用最佳铕掺杂浓度的二氧化钛纤维降解不同pH值的酸性红3R溶液,找到染料的最佳pH值,结果发现:当铕掺杂摩尔比为1%,pH值为3时,40 mg二氧化钛纤维经过25 min即可将40 mg/L的酸性红3R染料降解98%以上.关键词:静电纺丝技术;铕掺杂;二氧化钛纤维;光催化中图分类号:O634 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2020)03-0255-05Preparation and photocatalytic activity of electrospun europium-doped TiO₂ nanofibersLIU Shuang'an¹, SHAN Yiyang¹, TANG Haoran¹, LI Meng¹, CHEN Jiaxin², YUAN Xiaoxian¹(1. Hebei Key Lab of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; 2. College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)Abstract: In this paper, polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP), N,N-dimethyl formamide(DMF), glacial acetic acid, absolute ethyl alcohol, tetrabutyl titanate and europium nitrate were used as raw materials to prepare titanium dioxide fibers with different doping concentrations by electrospinning. The morphology and composition of the titanium dioxide fibers were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD). The diameter of the nanofibers was 300—400 nm before calcination, and became 200-300 nm after calcination. They were indexed to anatase phase. The acid red 3R solution was adopted as the- 收稿日期:2019-08-27 基金项目:河北大学实验室开放项目(sy201849; sy201850);河北大学大学生创新创业计划训练资助项目(201910075007;201910075053;201910075056;2019153;2019149). 第一作者:刘双安(1996—),男,河北唐山人,河北大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事TiO₂光催化方向研究.E-mail:meiyingqishi000@163.com 通信作者:袁小先(1985—),女,河北保定人,河北大学实验师,主要从事新型纳米材料及光电器件方向研究.E-mail:lilinghbu@163.com第3期刘双安等:静电纺丝制备铕掺杂二氧化钛纳米纤维及其光催化性能target pollutant. The photocatalytic experiments were performed in the solar light simulator. In this experiment, we can find out the best doping concentration. And then, it was used to degrade acid red 3R solution with different pH values. The results were as follows: the optimal doping molar ratio was 1% and the optimal pH was 3, 40 mg of titanium dioxide fibers could degrade more than 98% of the acid red 3R dye in 25 minutes.

Preparation and characterization of large size graphite oxide and graphene

CHANG Ran, PANG Xiuyan, LI Zejiang, XIN Yaping

2020, 40(3):  260-268.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.006

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With different size of 0.10、0.15、0.18、0.30 mm of natural graphiteas raw material,graphite oxide(GO)and graphene with a size of 10~20 μm were prepared by pressurized oxidation, ammonia-hydrazine-based multiplex reduction through two different temperature stages. The reaction conditions were optimized by orthogonal test and single factor test. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectrometer, thermal stability of the GO and graphene were investigated. Morphology, structure and layer thickness of GO and graphene were investigated by Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction photometer, atomic force spectroscopy. Results show that GO yield, sheet peeling degree and thermal stability are improved with the decreasing graphite size. The residue yields of the prepared graphene at 800 ℃ are all above 80%, and it presents a thickness of about 1.0 nm. The study provides a practical method for the preparation of GO and graphene with large size.

Comparative evaluation of the active ingredients and pharmacological activities of ordinary P. notoginseng powder and lyophilized P. notoginseng powder

ZHANG Jun, SUN Simian, ZHAO Lin, ZHOU Hang, LIN Dongju, HUO Xiaowei

2020, 40(3):  269-275.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.007

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To compare the active ingredients and pharmacological activities of ordinary Panax notoginseng powder and freeze-dried P. notoginseng powder. The differences of active ingredients between the ordinary and the freeze-dried P. notoginseng powder were determined by observing the particle size of ordinary powder and freeze-dried P. notoginseng powder under the microscope, visually observing the solubility of the suspension and detecting the active ingredient content by HPLC. The differences of pharmacological effects between ordinary powder and freeze-dried P. notoginseng powder were determined by capillary tube method, tail-cut method, xylene-induced ear swelling test and organ index. The results showed that these two P. notoginseng powders were different in the particle size, solubility and active ingredient content;ordinary powder had strong effect on blood coagulation and lyophilized powder exhibited anti-inflammatory effect;- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.007普通和冻干三七粉的有效成分及药理作用比较张君,孙思勉,赵琳,周航,林冬菊,霍小位 (河北大学 药学院,河北省药物质量分析控制重点实验室,河北 保定 071002)摘 要:为比较普通三七Panax notoginseng粉和冻干三七粉的有效成分及药理活性,通过在显微镜下观察普通三七粉和冻干三七粉的粒径,肉眼观察其混悬液的溶解度,HPLC法检测有效成分含量来明确普通三七粉和冻干三七粉在有效成分方面的区别.通过毛细玻管法、剪尾法、二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀实验和器官指数等实验研究普通三七粉和冻干三七粉在药理作用方面的差异.研究结果表明:2种三七粉的粒径、溶解度、有效成分含量存在差异.普通粉高剂量组有一定的凝血作用;冻干粉高剂量组有一定的抗炎作用,2者对免疫器官均无明显影响.关键词:三七;冻干粉;普通粉;有效成分;药理作用中图分类号:R96;R917 文献标志码:A 【additional_page=282】文章编号:1000-1565(2020)03-0269-07Comparative evaluation of the active ingredients and pharmacological activities of ordinary P. notoginseng powder and lyophilized P. notoginseng powderZHANG Jun, SUN Simian, ZHAO Lin, ZHOU Hang, LIN Dongju, HUO Xiaowei(Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)Abstract: To compare the active ingredients and pharmacological activities of ordinary Panax notoginseng powder and freeze-dried P. notoginseng powder. The differences of active ingredients between the ordinary and the freeze-dried P. notoginseng powder were determined by observing the particle size of ordinary powder and freeze-dried P. notoginseng powder under the microscope, visually observing the solubility of the suspension and detecting the active ingredient content by HPLC. The differences of pharmacological effects between ordinary powder and freeze-dried P. notoginseng powder were determined by capillary tube method, tail-cut method, xylene-induced ear swelling test and organ index. The results showed that these two P. notoginseng powders were different in the particle size, solubility and active ingredient content;ordinary powder had strong effect on blood coagulation and lyophilized powder exhibited anti-inflammatory effect;- 收稿日期:2019-07-20 基金项目:河北省教育厅资助项目(QN2018153);河北大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2018116,2018111);河北大学研究生创新项目(hbu2019ss082) 第一作者:张君(1993—),女,河北保定人,河北大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事药理学方向的研究.E-mail:zhangjun696@126.com 通信作者:霍小位(1988—),女,山东滨州人,河北大学讲师,主要从事药理学方向的研究.E-mail:huoxiaoweiforever@163.com林冬菊(1987—),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,河北大学讲师,主要从事药物分析方向的研究.E-mail:lindo.ngju@163.com第3期张君等:普通和冻干三七粉的有效成分及药理作用比较they both had no significant effect on immune organs.

Preparation and adsorption properties of phenolic resin based spherical activated carbon

YIN Jiwei, DU Jie, WANG Xuming, ZHANG Fanghua, LI Xue, LI Wei, ZHANG Honglei

2020, 40(3):  276-282.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.008

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The method of preparing activated carbon from spherical phenolic resin is studied and its adsorption performance is discussed. The raw materials and rotational speed used in the synthesis of spherical phenolic resin were first screened. Then, the carbonization and steam activation processes of the activated carbon prepared from phenolic resin were optimized, while adsorption properties of the activated carbon were tested. Furthermore, the adsorption desorption isotherm, specific surface, and micropore volume of activated carbon with excellent adsorption performance were also measured. The results indicated that the best raw materials for synthesizing spherical phenolic resin were phenol, formaldehyde and triethylenetetramine with the molar ratio of 1∶1.13∶0.04. The phenolic resin with particle size between 0.35 mm and 0.50 mm obtained at the optimal speed of 600 r/min. Spherical activated carbon was prepared by carbonization at 600 ℃ and activation of the spherical phenolic resin at 800 ℃. Activated carbon conforms to the type I adsorption curve defined by IUPAC. The pore size distribution was between 0.5 and 2 nm, and the specific surface area reached 1 431.89 m²/g. The adsorption efficiency of activatedcarbon for DL-β-aminoisobutyric- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.008酚醛树脂基球形活性炭的制备及其吸附性能尹纪伟,杜洁,王旭明,张芳华,李雪,李玮,张红蕾(河北大学 化学与环境科学学院,药物化学与分子诊断教育部重点实验室,河北 保定 071002)摘 要:对球形酚醛树脂制备活性炭的方法进行了优化并探讨了其吸附性能.分别对合成球形酚醛树脂过程中所用原料、转速进行了筛选,优化了由酚醛树脂制备活性炭的炭化和水蒸气活化过程,并考察了活性炭的吸附性能.对吸附性能优异的活性炭进行了氮气吸附-脱附等温线、比表面积及微孔体积的测定.结果表明:苯酚、甲醛和三乙烯四胺为合成球形酚醛树脂的最佳原料,三者的物质的量比为1∶1.13∶0.04.在转速为600 r/min时可获得粒径为0.35~0.50 mm的球形酚醛树脂.酚醛树脂经过600 ℃炭化和800 ℃活化过程制得球形活性炭.活性炭符合IUPAC定义的I型吸附曲线,孔径分布以微孔(0.5~2 nm)为主,比表面积可达1 431.89 m²/g,对DL-β氨基异丁酸和α-淀粉酶的吸附效率分别为63.41%和19.77%.关键词:球形酚醛树脂;球形活性炭;水蒸气活化;吸附性能中图分类号:TQ424.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2020)03-0276-07Preparation and adsorption properties of phenolic resin based spherical activated carbonYIN Jiwei, DU Jie, WANG Xuming, ZHANG Fanghua, LI Xue, LI Wei, ZHANG Honglei(Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)Abstract: The method of preparing activated carbon from spherical phenolic resin is studied and its adsorption performance is discussed. The raw materials and rotational speed used in the synthesis of spherical phenolic resin were first screened. Then, the carbonization and steam activation processes of the activated carbon prepared from phenolic resin were optimized, while adsorption properties of the activated carbon were tested. Furthermore, the adsorption desorption isotherm, specific surface, and micropore volume of activated carbon with excellent adsorption performance were also measured. The results indicated that the best raw materials for synthesizing spherical phenolic resin were phenol, formaldehyde and triethylenetetramine with the molar ratio of 1∶1.13∶0.04. The phenolic resin with particle size between 0.35 mm and 0.50 mm obtained at the optimal speed of 600 r/min. Spherical activated carbon was prepared by carbonization at 600 ℃ and activation of the spherical phenolic resin at 800 ℃. Activated carbon conforms to the type I adsorption curve defined by IUPAC. The pore size distribution was between 0.5 and 2 nm, and the specific surface area reached 1 431.89 m²/g. The adsorption efficiency of activatedcarbon for DL-β-aminoisobutyric- 收稿日期:2019-08-12 基金项目:河北省自然科学基金专项-重点项目(B2016201031);河北省高等学校高层次人才科学研究项目(GCC 2014014) 第一作者:尹纪伟(1994—),男,山东临沂人,河北大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事纳米药物递送系统开发方向研究.E-mail: 1659077386@qq.com 通信作者:杜洁(1979—),女,河北石家庄人,河北大学实验师,主要从事药物分析研究.E-mail: dujie2008@126.com张红蕾(1985—),女,河北保定人,河北大学助理研究员,主要从事生物酶催化及纳米载药递送系统研究.E-mail: zh10724@126.com第3期尹纪伟等:酚醛树脂基球形活性炭的制备及其吸附性能acid and α-amylase was 63.41% and 19.77%, respectively.

Synchronization regulation of somatic embryogenesis in Black Locust

XI Yang, SUN Yuhan, LI Yun

2020, 40(3):  283-290.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.009

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In order to establish a high frequency and synchronous somatic embryo culture system, immature embryos of Black Locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)were used as explants to study the synchronization of somatic embryogenesis induction. Somatic embryogenesis synchronization system was established by suspension culture, osmotic pressure choice and exogenous hormone adjustment and low temperature processing method. The results showed that 1)callus stayed in low temperature(4 ℃)for 7 days showed- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.009刺槐体细胞胚发生的同步化调控习洋¹,孙宇涵²,李云²(1.国家知识产权局专利局专利审查协作北京中心 医药生物部,北京 100160;2.北京林业大学 生物科学与技术学院,北京 100083)摘 要:为了建立一个高频率、同步化发生的体细胞胚培养系统,以二倍体刺槐为材料,对影响刺槐体细胞胚同步化发生的培养基渗透压、培养基中添加的植物生长调节剂、低温等培养环境条件以及悬浮培养结合看护培养方法进行了研究,建立了刺槐体细胞胚同步发生体系.结果表明:1)4 ℃低温条件下处理7 d的胚性愈伤组织,最有利于刺槐体细胞胚的同步化诱导,同步化率可达37.3%;2)培养基中蔗糖质量浓度为50 g/L最适宜调控刺槐的体细胞胚同步化发生,同步化率可达35.0%;3)培养基中的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,2,4-D)质量浓度为0.1 mg/L时最适宜体细胞胚同步化的调控,体细胞胚发生的同步化率可达43.6%,同时对畸形胚的发生有较好的控制作用;4)将悬浮培养的胚性细胞用50目筛(孔径0.28 mm)过滤,将留在筛上的细胞团接种到铺有滤纸的半固体体细胞胚诱导培养基上(培养基为MS(Murashige & Skoog)+NAA(naphthylacetic acid)0.5 mg/L+ BA(benzyladenine)0.5 mg/L+2-吗啉乙磺酸(MES)500 mg/L+谷氨酰胺 500 mg/L+水解酪蛋白500 mg/L+蔗糖 30 g/L+琼脂3 g/L),培养21 d后,球形胚大量发生,占到总胚状体数目的67.3%.本结果可为其他植物种类的体细胞胚同步化调控研究提供参考.关键词:刺槐;体细胞胚;同步化中图分类号:S792.27 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2020)03-0283-08Synchronization regulation of somatic embryogenesis in Black LocustXI Yang¹, SUN Yuhan², LI Yun²(1.The Pharmaceutical and Biological Invention Examination Department, Patent Examination Cooperation(Beijing)Center of the Patent Office, CNIPA, Beijing 100160, China; 2.College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)Abstract: In order to establish a high frequency and synchronous somatic embryo culture system, immature embryos of Black Locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)were used as explants to study the synchronization of somatic embryogenesis induction. Somatic embryogenesis synchronization system was established by suspension culture, osmotic pressure choice and exogenous hormone adjustment and low temperature processing method. The results showed that 1)callus stayed in low temperature(4 ℃)for 7 days showed- 收稿日期:2019-11-09 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目( 31170629) 第一作者:习洋(1986—),女,河北石家庄人,国家知识产权局助理研究员,博士,主要从事与生物技术相关的林木遗传研究及医药生物发明专利审查.E-mail: judyxi2011@163.com 通信作者:李云(1963—),男,河北蔚县人,北京林业大学教授,主要从事与生物技术相关的林木遗传研究.E-mail:yunli63@163.com第3期习洋等:刺槐体细胞胚发生的同步化调控the highest synchronization rate, which reached 37.3%;2)somatic embryogenesis medium which had sucrose 50 g/L showed the highest synchronization rate, which reached 35.0%;3)somatic embryogenesis medium which had 2,4-D 0.1 mg/L effectivelly controlled the occurrence of abnormal embryo and showed the highest synchronization rate, which reached 43.6%;4)cells from embryogenic cell suspension were cultured on the semi-solid medium, which was MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+BA 0.5 mg/L+MES 500 mg/L+glutamine 500 mg/L+hydrolyzed casein 500 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+agar 3 g/L, for 21 days and formed a lot of globular-stage embryo at frequency of 67.3%.This study can provide theoretical support for somatic embryo synchronization regulation in other plant species.

Correlation between AM fungi and soil factors in extremely dry desert shrubs

LI Yedong, ZUO Yiling, ZHANG Kaixun, ZHAO Lili, HE Xueli, WANG Liang

2020, 40(3):  291-300.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.010

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM)fungi have been known to establish mutually beneficial symbiosis with the host plants as a kind of obligate symbionts fungi and play an important role in enhancing soil structure stability, controlling soil erosion, inhibiting sand dust storms, and maintaining the healthy development of the plant in desert ecosystem. Sympegma regelii, Reaumuria songarica, Nitraria sphaerocarpa, Ephedra przewalskii and Salsola passerina are excellent solids plants that can not only well stand up to desert environment, but also maintain the balance and stability of desert ecosystem. In order to elucidate the ecological effect of AM fungal community composition and soil factors in the extremely dry desert vegetation. Soil samples were collected in the rhizosphere of 5 plants. The objective of this study was to assess the- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.010极旱荒漠灌丛AM真菌与土壤因子相关性李烨东¹,左易灵¹,张开逊¹,赵丽莉¹,贺学礼¹,王亮² (1.河北大学 生命科学学院, 河北 保定 071002;2.甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区管理局,甘肃 瓜州 736100)摘 要:为揭示极旱荒漠植被丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌群落组成及土壤因子的生态效应,2018年7月于甘肃安西极旱荒漠自然保护区采集合头草Sympegma regelii、红砂Reaumuria songarica、泡泡刺Nitraria sphaerocarpa、膜果麻黄Ephedra przewalskii和珍珠猪毛菜Salsola passerina灌丛根围土壤样品,研究不同荒漠植物AM真菌物种组成,分析根围0~10 cm和20~30 cm AM真菌群落差异性,探讨植物种类、土壤酶活和矿质营养对AM真菌群落组成的影响. 研究结果表明:不同植物AM真菌共分离鉴定10属45种,群落组成差异显著;根围0~10 cm和20~30 cm AM真菌群落组成无明显差异. 不同植物AM真菌Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数表现为根围0~10 cm高于20~30 cm,泡泡刺最低. 有机碳、铵态氮、有效磷、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、易提取球囊霉素和总提取球囊霉素在不同植物根围土壤显著不同,土壤因子根围0~10 cm高于20~30 cm. AM真菌与土壤因子相关性分析表明,AM真菌群落和孢子密度与有机碳、硝态氮、总提取球囊霉素和湿度显著正相关,Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数与硝态氮显著正相关. 变差分解表明,根围0~10 cm和20~30 cm植物种类、土壤因子共同解释AM真菌群落变化总变差的35.4%和60.7%. 极旱荒漠植物种类和土壤理化性质共同影响AM真菌群落组成. 关键词:AM真菌; 群落组成; 物种多样性; 土壤因子; 极旱荒漠灌丛中图分类号:Q934 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2020)03-0291-10Correlation between AM fungi and soil factors in extremely dry desert shrubsLI Yedong¹, ZUO Yiling¹, ZHANG Kaixun¹, ZHAO Lili¹, HE Xueli¹, WANG Liang²(1. College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; 2. Administration of Gansu Anxi Extra-arid National Nature Reserve, Guazhou 736100, China)Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM)fungi have been known to establish mutually beneficial symbiosis with the host plants as a kind of obligate symbionts fungi and play an important role in enhancing soil structure stability, controlling soil erosion, inhibiting sand dust storms, and maintaining the healthy development of the plant in desert ecosystem. Sympegma regelii, Reaumuria songarica, Nitraria sphaerocarpa, Ephedra przewalskii and Salsola passerina are excellent solids plants that can not only well stand up to desert environment, but also maintain the balance and stability of desert ecosystem. In order to elucidate the ecological effect of AM fungal community composition and soil factors in the extremely dry desert vegetation. Soil samples were collected in the rhizosphere of 5 plants. The objective of this study was to assess the- 收稿日期:2019-09-12 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(31770561) 第一作者:李烨东(1995—),女,山西临汾人,河北大学在读硕士研究生.E-mail: 2644473931@qq.com 通信作者:贺学礼(1963—),男,陕西蒲城人,河北大学教授,博士生导师,主要从事植物生态学和土壤生态学研究. E-mail: xlh3615@126.com第3期李烨东等:极旱荒漠灌丛AM真菌与土壤因子相关性composition of AM fungal species in different desert plants, analyze the differences of AM fungal communities in the rhizosphere of 0—10 cm and 20—30 cm, and explore the relative effects of plant species, soil enzyme activity and mineral nutrients on the composition of AM fungal communities. There were 45 species of 10 genera of AM fungi isolated from 5 plants with significantly different AM community composition, and there was no difference in the composition of fungal communities between the rhizosphere of 0—10 cm and 20—30 cm in the same plant. AM fungal shannon-wiener and simpson index showed a higher value in the rhizosphere of 0—10 cm than that of 20—30 cm. Both the 0—10 cm and 20—30 cm plant rhizosphere shannon-wiener index and simpson index displayed a significant lowest value in N. sphaerocarpa. Organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, easily extracted glomalin and total extracted glomalin were significantly different in different plants. The soil factors of 0—10 cm of plant rhizosphere were higher than that of 20—30 cm. AM fungal community composition and spore density were positively correlated with organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen, total extractable glomalin and humidity. Shannon-wiener and simpson index were significantly positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen. Variance partition indicated that plant species, soil enzyme activity and mineral nutrients explained 35.4% and 60.7% of the total variation of AM fungal community change in the rhizosphere of 0—10 cm and 20—30 cm, respectively. Plant species and soil factors jointly affect the composition of AM fungi community in the extremely dry desert.

PDIA3 regulates TCR signaling in human Jurkat T cells

ZHOU Yun, LIU Hailong, JIN Zhaoyu

2020, 40(3):  301-306.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.011

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In order to study the specific function of protein disulfide isomerase A3 precursor(PDIA3)in T cell receptor(TCR)signaling pathway, the PDIA3 protein level in T cells was knocked down by electroporation, the phosphorylation level of zeta-chain associated protein 70( ZAP70)protein was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the expression level of cluster of differentiation 69(CD69)were analyzed by flow cytometry. The luciferase reporter gene detected NF-κB signaling pathway. The results showed that down-regulation of PDIA3 protein in T cells resulted in a significant decrease in ZAP70 protein phosphorylation, CD69 expression, IL-2 secretion, and affected NF-κB signaling pathway, indicating PDIA3 protein promotes the activation of T cells and participate in the regulation of T cell TCR signaling pathway. This work provides an important research basis for studying the interaction between PDIA3 and some functional proteins downstream of TCR in the future.

Diversity and distribution of winter bird communities in the southern section of Taihang Mountains of Hebei Province

FAN Jungong, WANG Penghua, CHEN Xiangyang, ZHANG Kan, LIN Qingqian, HOU Jianhua

2020, 40(3):  307-314.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.012

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In older to explore the diversity and distribution of winter bird community in Taihang Mountains of China, Bird survey were carried out from 11 survey sample areas in the southern section of Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province in January and December 2018 using the method of line transect. The results indicated: 48 850 individuals 84 species were recorded, which belong to 15 orders, 33 families and 59 generas. Among these 33 species are residents, 14 species are summer migrants, 13 species are winter migrants and 24 species are passage migrants.Passer montanus and Paradoxornis webbianus are dominant species.The most southern area(No.11)recorded 46 species 12 295, which is the most number of bird species and individuals, the northern area(No.1)of bird species minimum(25),No.2 sample region has fewest individual birds(869), the entire unit birds species and individuals number are negative correlation- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.012河北太行山南段冬季鸟类群落的多样性与分布范俊功,王鹏华,陈向阳,张侃,林庆乾,侯建华(河北大学 生命科学学院,河北 保定 071002)摘 要:为探究中国太行山地区冬季鸟类群落多样性与分布现状,2018年1月和12月以河北太行山南段为调查单元,在调查单元内布设11个调查样区,并运用样线法对冬季鸟类进行了调查研究.结果表明:总计记录鸟类84种48 850只,隶属15目33科59属,其中留鸟33种,夏候鸟14种,冬候鸟13种,旅鸟24种,优势种为麻雀Passer montanus和棕头鸦雀Paradoxornis webbianus,全部样区均有分布的鸟类8种;最南部的11号样区鸟类物种数和个体数最多(46种12 295只);最北部的1号样区鸟类物种数最少(25种);2号样区鸟类个体数最少(869只).鸟类物种数、个体数与纬度呈负相关;调查单元Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H' )为2.25,Pielou均匀度指数(J)为0.51,各样区H' 值和J值最高的是4号样区(2.70和0.76),最低的是8号样区(1.50和0.42);以37°N为界,北方7个样区记录到鸟类71种18 844只,占总物种数的84.5%、总个体数的38.6%,而南方4个样区记录到鸟类61种30 006只,占总物种数的72.6%、总个体数的61.4%,同时北方7个样区具有较高的Beta多样性周转分组,南方4个样区具有较高的Beta多样性嵌套分组.表明河北太行山南段冬季鸟类物种和个体数在区域间分布存在明显差异.关键词:鸟类群落;群落分布;Beta多样性分解;冬季;河北太行山中图分类号:Q958 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2020)03-0307-08Diversity and distribution of winter bird communities in the southern section of Taihang Mountains of Hebei ProvinceFAN Jungong, WANG Penghua, CHEN Xiangyang, ZHANG Kan, LIN Qingqian, HOU Jianhua(College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)Abstract: In older to explore the diversity and distribution of winter bird community in Taihang Mountains of China, Bird survey were carried out from 11 survey sample areas in the southern section of Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province in January and December 2018 using the method of line transect. The results indicated: 48 850 individuals 84 species were recorded, which belong to 15 orders, 33 families and 59 generas. Among these 33 species are residents, 14 species are summer migrants, 13 species are winter migrants and 24 species are passage migrants.Passer montanus and Paradoxornis webbianus are dominant species.The most southern area(No.11)recorded 46 species 12 295, which is the most number of bird species and individuals, the northern area(No.1)of bird species minimum(25),No.2 sample region has fewest individual birds(869), the entire unit birds species and individuals number are negative correlation- 收稿日期:2019-09-20 基金项目:全国第2次陆生野生动物资源调查项目(Eb01-1);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(C2012204087);河北大学自然科学研究计划项目(2014-299) 第一作者:范俊功(1995—),男,甘肃庆阳人,河北大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事动物学研究.E-mail:2294728197@qq.com 通信作者:侯建华(1968—),男,河北保定人,河北大学教授,博士,主要从事动物生态学研究.E-mail:13633325718@163.com第3期范俊功等:河北太行山南段冬季鸟类群落的多样性与分布with latitude;Shannon-Wiener index is 2.25 and the Pielou index is 0.51 in the whole survey unit. The Shannon-Wiener index and the Pielou index were highest in the sample area 4(2.70 and 0.76)and lowest in the sample area 8(1.50 and 0.42). With 37 as the border, 7 sample areas in the north recorded 71 species 18 844 individuals, accounting for 84.5% of the total number of species, 38.6% of total number, and 4 sample areas recorded 61 species 30 006 individuals in the south, accounting for 72.6% of the total of the species in the mountain, 61.4% of the total number, 7 sample areas in the north have high Beta diversity species turnover(or species replacement), and 4 sample areas in the south have high Beta diversity nestedness(or difference in richness). The results show that there are significant geographical differences in the number of species and individuals of birds in the southern part of Taihang Mountains of Hebei Province.

Estimation of independent component numbers based on improved effective detection criteria for resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rfMRI)of Alzheimers disease(AD)

ZHENG Wei, WANG Xuan, YAO Jizhi, LIU Shuaiqi, ZHANG Xiaodan, MA Zepeng

2020, 40(3):  315-321.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.013

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The prevalence of Alzheimers disease(AD)has been increasing year after year in the elderly. Functional connection analysis based on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rfMRI)is an important method to study the pathogenesis of AD. In order to extract the region of interest of rfMRI image and analyze the change of functional connection effectively, it is necessary to separate independent components.- DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.013AD-rfMRI图像的基于改进EDC的独立分量数目估计郑伟^1,2,3,王轩^1,2,3,姚纪智^1,2,3,刘帅奇^1,2,3,张晓丹⁴,马泽鹏⁴(1.河北大学 电子信息工程学院,河北 保定 071002;2.河北省数字医疗工程重点实验室, 河北 保定 071002;3.河北省机器视觉工程技术研究中心, 河北 保定 071002;4.河北大学附属医院 CT-MRI诊断科, 河北 保定 071000)摘 要:阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimers disease,AD)在老年人中的患病人数逐年升高,而静息态功能磁共振成像(rfMRI)功能连接变化是研究AD发病机制的重要手段.为了有效地提取静息态功能磁共振成像图像感兴趣区域并进行功能连接变化分析,需要分离独立分量.而独立分量的分离实现,必须预先估计需要分离的独立分量的数目.在独立分量数目估计方法中,信息理论准则中的有效检测准则(effective detection criteria,EDC)具有灵活的惩罚函数,估计结果鲁棒性高,但存在过估计问题,影响独立分量分离结果的准确性.本文将对数函数引入惩罚函数的第2种表示(EDC₂)对其进行改进,并结合黄金分割法确定惩罚函数项的最优值,称为OIEDC₂(optimizing and improving effective detection criteria).实验结果表明,OIEDC₂与EDC₂相比提升了独立分量数目估计的合理性和准确性.关键词:阿尔茨海默病;静息态功能磁共振成像;独立分量分析;有效检测准则中图分类号:TN911 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-1565(2020)03-0315-07Estimation of independent component numbers based on improved effective detection criteria for resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rfMRI)of Alzheimers disease(AD)ZHENG Wei^1,2,3, WANG Xuan^1,2,3, YAO Jizhi^1,2,3, LIU Shuaiqi^1,2,3, ZHANG Xiaodan⁴, MA Zepeng⁴(1. College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; 2. Machine Vision Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China; 4. Department of CT-MRI, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University,Baoding 071000, China)Abstract: The prevalence of Alzheimers disease(AD)has been increasing year after year in the elderly. Functional connection analysis based on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rfMRI)is an important method to study the pathogenesis of AD. In order to extract the region of interest of rfMRI image and analyze the change of functional connection effectively, it is necessary to separate independent components.- 收稿日期:2019-05-01 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(61401308, 61572063);河北省自然科学基金资助项目( F2018210148, F2016201142, F2016201187);河北省教育厅项目(QN2016085); 河北省机器视觉工程技术研究中心开放课题(2018HBMV02);河北大学引进人才科研启动经费资助项目(2014-303) 第一作者:郑伟(1972—),女,黑龙江兰西人,河北大学教授,博士,主要从事图像处理与分析、图像安全通信、图像加密和隐藏研究. E-mail: 147685650@qq.com 通信作者:马泽鹏(1989—),男,河北保定人,河北大学附属医院CT-MRI诊断科医师,主要从事脑部和心脏疾病的CT、MR、fMRI的诊断及鉴别诊断. E-mail: mzpdan@163.com第3期郑伟等:AD-rfMRI图像的基于改进EDC的独立分量数目估计In order to separate independent components, the number of independent components to be separated must be estimated in advance. In the estimation of the number of independent components, the effective detection criteria(EDC)in the information theory criteria has a flexible penalty function and high robustness, but there are over estimation problems, which affect the accuracy of the independent component separation results. Here, Logarithm function is introduced into penalty function to improve EDC₂, and the optimal value of penalty function term is determined by golden section method, which is called OIEDC₂. Experimental results show that compared with EDC₂, OIEDC₂ improves the rationality and accuracy of independent component number estimation.

Improved vector space model based on document relationships

HE Dandan,WU Shufang,XU Jianmin

2020, 40(3):  322-327.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.014

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Due to insufficient user query information, the retrieval results of traditional vector space model are not accurate enough. To solve this problem, an improved vector space model based on document relationship is proposed. The improved model combines the related documents ranked first in the initial retrieval results into a benchmark set. By calculating the similarity between each document in the initial retrieval result set and the benchmark set, the similarity between documents and queries in the original model and reorder the retrieval results is corrected, thus improving the vector space model.The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional vector space model, the improved model makes the ranking of related documents more reasonable and improves the precision while ensuring the recall rate.

Bidirectional learned inference based on Wasserstein distance

HUA Qiang, LIU Yigong, ZHANG Feng, DONG Chunru

2020, 40(3):  328-336.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2020.03.015

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In WGAN, embedding encoder into Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN)can enhance the learning ability of the generative model. However, using the Kullback-Leibler(KL)divergence to measure the difference between two distributions in the optimization objective will lead to the gradient vanishing or gradient explosion problem in the learning training process and reduce the robustness of model. In order to tackle this problem, a Wasserstein-distance-based Bidirectional Learned Inference(WBLI)model is proposed in this paper. A bidirectional network is first established for learning the distribution of the true data and latent variables, where the difference of the joint probability distribution is measured by the Wasserstein distance. Based on this Wasserstein distance, we redesign the loss function which is solvable and consequently propose an iterative algorithm. The experimental results show that the WBLI model overcomes the defects of traditional GAN and its variants. It effectively eliminates the model collapse problem of generating models, increases the robustness of training learning, and contributes to the improvement of the recognition rate of classifiers.